Investigation Of Electrodeposited Polyaniline On Stainless Steel Surface Essay

The copolymers were synthesized with the molar ratios of aniline and o-phenylenediamine of 5:1 and catalyzed by potassium dichromate in aqueous acidic HCl solution. The obtained results were characterized by measuring FT-IR spectra for PANI-o-PDA copolymer, and PANI-o-PDA / kaolinite composites. Also, the thermal gravimetric analyses of the formed copolymer in absence and in presence of kaolinite composite were carried out. Moreover, the conductivity and resistivity of the resulting copolymer with and without kaolinite composite were

All the data was fitted satisfactorily using the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 7. Where, Rs, CPE1 and R1 represent solution resistance, a constant- phase element corresponding to the double layer capacitance and the charge transfer resistance, respectively. CPE2 and R2 were added to account for the electrical elements of the outer layer. The following formula expressed the electrode impedance, Z, as follow:

The instrument used was a potentiostat with a glassy carbon working electrode, platinum auxiliary electrode, and silver/silver chloride reference electrode. This instrument is being used due to its ability to simultaneously collect data from both diphenylamine and copper with the addition of an acetate buffer. Microsoft excel was used in order to plot the data and simple calculations1.

Since proton takes part in the oxidation of MTX, the pH value of solution will greatly influence the Ipa [45]. The effects of stripping pH value of the PBS buffer solution on the electrochemical performance of MTX were also tested with the pH varying from 3.0 to 9.0 using 0.05 M PBS buffer and theresults were depicted in Fig. 9.The results showed a maximum of Ipa when the buffer solution pH was 4.0 (Fig. 9). Therefore, in subsequent experiments, the stripping was carried out in 0.05 mol L-1 phosphate buffer with pH

The lead/acid battery has been in common use in automobiles since 1915 or so. It has plates of lead in sulphuric acid solution in water. One of the sets of lead plates is coated with lead dioxide. As such a battery discharges it creates two chemical reactions, one at the anode that ends up with an excess of electrons, and one at the cathode that ends up short electrons.

There are two electrodes in every battery. Both are made of conductive materials, but they serve different roles. One electrode, known as the cathode, connects to the positive end of the battery and is where the electrical current leaves (or electrons enter) the battery during discharge, which is when the battery is being used to power something. The other electrode, known as the anode, connects to the negative end of the battery and is where the electrical current enters (or electrons leave) the battery during discharge.

Data obtained from the execution of the experiment (which is described in-depth in the actual publication) indicates that the pH electrodes and the excellent pH response by AEIROF make them very helpful in cardiovascular investigations. For future experiments, materials such as stainless steel and graphite are being tested as alternative substrates for the AEIROF to provide greater flexibility in pH electrode

The purpose of this experiment was to explored concepts electrochemistry by creating galvanic cells and observed the spontaneity of reactions in three parts. In part A of this experiment, strips of copper, lead, and zinc were placed onto a well plate containing either 1M . Observations reported over a ten minute interval were recorded in table 1. In part B, electrochemical cells were made with strips of iron, copper, lead, and Zinc dip into copper sulfate or lead nitrate solution . The salt bridge was made using filter paper and .5 M potassium nitrate. The voltage of the reactions between the metals can be record by attaching the anode and cathode probe to each metal pair with alligator clips. In part C, a brass penny was made through the reduction of zinc. The mass of the pennies were measured in each step: initial mass, mass after deposited of zinc, and mass with brass formed.

Electrospinning uses an electric field to control the formation and deposition of polymeric fibers onto the targeted surface or substrate [181-183]. In this method, a polymeric solution is injected with a specific voltage that generates a potential difference between the polymeric solution and the targeted substrate. This lead to the ejection of the polymeric fluid from a tip of the capillary or a spinneret when the electrical charges overcome the surface tension of the fluid. As the solvent evaporates, fibers with diameters ranging from several microns to several hundred nanometers can be formed [184]. The diameter of the fibers can be regulated by modifying the flow rate and concentration of the polymer, and altering the distance

In addition, the wires will need to conduct electrical signals received from the microphone and processor/stimulator and be flexible enough to allow navigating to and from their desired destinations. To accomplish this, a conductive material with a biocompatible coating is likely to be the most feasible approach. Currently, the wires in cochlear implants are composed of platinum conductive wires coated with silicone and this approach is used for good reason. Silicone, as previously stated, has outstanding biocompatibility, flexibility, stability, softness, water-tightness, resistance to corrosion, and acts as an insulator from electrical stimulus. While platinum is used as the conductive material because it has low chemical reactivity, is highly corrosion resistant, biocompatible, flexible, and does not display stimulus-induced corrosion resistance like most other conductive metals, meaning it should last the lifetime of the patient. These properties simply make it the greatest available conductive material for this application, and by coating it in silicone you remove any potential unwanted exposure to the surrounding

A conductivity meter and a dip-type conductance cell were used to measure the conductance of a standard KCl solution and deionized water. These measurements are used to determine the cell constant and conductance caused by impurity, respectively. Then four sets of solutions, three strong electrolytes and one weak electrolyte, each with six different concentrations, are measured for their conductance. All measurements were performed at 25 °C. Finally, the conductance of three strong electrolytes is used to calculate

In this experiment, the E° of three voltaic cells, and two concentration cells was calculated using a voltage probe. These E° readings were used to determine the identities of two metals, X and Y, which were used as anodes in two of the voltaic cells. The Nernst equation was then used to determine the Ecell of a copper concentration cell, and the concentration of Pb2+ in a lead concentration cell. Using the concentration of Pb2+ from the lead concentration cell, the Ksp of PbI2 was determined.

Background Students had been taught ‘Electrochemistry’ as outlined in the IB Chemistry syllabus. Investigation Design an experiment that allows you to investigate a variable affecting the rate of electroplating. Your research question must be focussed and specific and must enable you to carry out your experiment safely and within the allocated time. Safety Show your research question to your teacher. Complete a safety hazard assessment before writing a full plan (a + b). Ensure your teacher approves this. Experiment If your plan is safe you will be allowed

The cheapest solvent is water, which possesses many physico-chemical properties. It can dissolve ionic components and form highly conducting solutions. Water, deionized and repeatedly distilled with alkaline KMnO4, is usually considered as pure. The purity is checked by conductivity measurements. The volatile and organic impurities [36] are removed by passing the distilled water vapour through a column containing Pt catalyst at about 800C over which oxygen also simultaneously passed.

Polylactic acid polymers (PLA) appear to be a very promising material for use as a