Investigation Of Vitro And The Vivo Antifungal Activity Of Different Plant Acetonic Extracts Against Fungal Skin

Roy, L. (2016). Maintaining hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of infection. Journal of Aesthetic Nursing, 5(6),

The number of health-care associated infections and patient safety must be addressed and improved by actions and plans that can be implemented as soon as possible. Estimates indicate that hundreds of millions of patients contract these infections worldwide on a yearly basis. This article outlines the need for hand hygiene in order to prevent and control healthcare-associated infections (also referred to as HCAI’s). It states that a large number of HCAI’s are preventable, and measures regarding strict observance of hand hygiene methods must be taken. In October 2004, from all corners of the globe, patient groups, governmental agencies and policy-makers held a meeting advance the patient safety goal of "first, do no harm” and to essentially promote

Psoriasis is a fairly common autoimmune disease in which the body perceives the skin as foreign, and begins to attack it from within. This attack causes skin cells to reproduce rapidly, causing red, scaly patches of skin that will bleed when it becomes dry and cracked. This is a chronic illness that has no long term treatments, which means that managing flare-ups is extremely difficult. Since the majority of the world is unaware of psoriasis, people who suffer from the disease are often regarded as dirty or unclean due to the state of their skin. Many sufferers feel ostracized when doing everyday things such as going to the hair salon, swimming, or trying on clothes because the psoriasis are plainly visible to everyone in the

Outpatient frequency of CA-MRSA continues to increase, and it is believed that this is a huge factor in not replacing, but adding to the increase in HA-MRSA. (3) CA-MRSA is easily spread among young, healthy individuals predominantly by skin-to-skin contact, and in places where close contact or overcrowding of people is common. This we know includes many areas of our society – thus leading to the cause of why it affects the healthier people in our communities. Because of the strain of CA-MRSA and its virulence factors, scientists are trying to research better ways to battle this gram-negative bacterium. Unfortunately, the funding is not usually there. Awareness and prevention are the keys to stopping CA-MRSA from spreading not only among individuals in the community, but also being transmitted into the hospitals already battling MRSA. Proper hand hygiene is number one in prevention, and should be taken seriously by everyone, not just healthcare workers. If we want to battle this growing endemic disease, we must all do our part and make others aware. Since it targets mainly the healthy younger individuals in and around our communities, and across the nation, we all need to be a part of the solution – not just the healthcare

According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) a minimum of 2 million people become infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria and an estimated minimum of 23, 000 people die each year as a direct result of those infections . As an increasing number of infectious diseases are becoming resistant to numerous allopathic medicines , for example meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureusis or MRSA, more research is being conducted into alternative treatments derived from naturally occurring substances. Having heard about the

CIU prevalence ranging between 15% and 25% making it one of the most frequent skin diseases. It is a disease with a high burden for patients and high direct and indirect healthcare costs with social isolation and mood changes causing a significant degree of dysfunction and quality of life impairment to many patients. In addition to large socio-economic implications due to a reduction in performance of 20–30%.

2. The problem with not performing hand hygiene is the spread of microorganisms from patient to patient, and the health care worker is not protecting themselves. If a patient ends up with a hospital-acquired infection, it costs the hospital money because insurance refuses to pay for it. The problem with adequately performing hand hygiene causes dry and sore hands; it also takes longer to perform hand hygiene correctly. All participants mentioned a lack of social control and negative role models for students in clinical. “All participants agreed that creating a stronger social norm and establishing more explicit social control would be important for improving hand hygiene” (Erasmus).

The methodology involved using the plant’s flower bud by washing it in sterile water, dried, and crushed into a powder. Eventually it was converted into an ethanol and methanol extract and observed for any effects on MRSA strains (Yadav et al., 2011). The results showed that both extracts had inhibitory effects on various MRSA strains and could have the potential for use as an antibacterial agent for multidrug resistant strains (Yadav et al., 2011). In some ways the study suggests that cloves can play a role in treating bacterial infections, but it is possible that converting it into an ethanol or methanol extract might have improved its effectiveness on MRSA strains. Using clove capsules to cleanse the body of microorganisms may or may not be as effective since the concentration of cloves per dose is different from the effectiveness of an ethanol or methanol extract used as an antibacterial

Hand hygiene has been identified as one of the simplest, but the most significant measure to prevent and control the spread of hospital acquired infections (WHO, 2009). Furthermore, it is also considered a cheap measurement for infection control (Allegranzi et al., 2007). Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers is underutilised and interventions to develop it are absent sustainability in developing countries (Gould et al., 2008). In the mid-1880s, the Austrian physician Ignaz P. Semmelweis was the first doctor who reported the critical role of the hands of the healthcare providers in transmitting hospital acquired infections (Allegranzi and Pittet, 2008). Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) remain a big challenge to the patient safety (WHO, 2009). It affects hundreds of million individuals worldwide ever year (Allegranzi et al., 2007). Healthcare-associated infection is regarded as one of the main reasons for long staying longer in hospitals, increasing the cost of the patient treatment, and causing higher morbidity and mortality rates (Mathai

As I rotated through the different services, I became particularly fascinated by cutaneous manifestations of human illnesses, particularly those reflecting infectious and autoimmunity diseases. Curiosity piqued, I wanted to know more about our skin’s unique ability to communicate how well, or how poorly, our internal organs were functioning. Therefore towards the end of my clinical years, I registered for a dermatology elective and found a calling that both satisfied my heart and mind. I love being faced with the visual challenge of the gross and histologic patterns of cutaneous diseases and learning their pathophysiology, their respective molecular pathways on which unique biologic interventions functions. I enjoy the hands-on learning, the opportunities to care for both acute and chronic diseases, and the chance to learn and perform surgical procedures. During one of my dermatology rotations, an attending taught me the importance of keeping the patient centered within the context of our evaluation as we approach a skin disease. Reminding us to “look at the whole patient”, she encouraged us to integrate our clinical impression comprised by the patient’s history and physical exam, with the dermatopathology knowledge used to interpret skin biopsies in order to effectively evaluate and manage the patient’s cutaneous problems. Dermatology demands the will and ability to master different realms of knowledge both on a microscopic and macroscopic level and requires the skillful application of integrated knowledge in order to translate a patient’s cutaneous findings into a final diagnosis. As a dermatologist, I believe I have both the drive and capability to one day provide exceptional care for patients with dermatologic disease and to enrich the field of academic

Hand hygiene compliance is very relevant in health care. At study by Creel (2015) evaluates whether or not monitoring interventions improve hand hygiene compliance (Creel, 2015). Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be detrimental to not only patients but also visitors, workers, and families. Considering the fact that most patients in the hospital are highly susceptible of having compromised immune systems, it is imperative that healthcare professionals take the proper necessary precautions, such as effective hand hygiene, to decrease the risk of transmission. This is a cost effective management of infection control that can potentially save lives.

One of the simplest methods for addressing the high incidence rate is by the simple act of hand washing. A recent study determined that effective hand-washing, including drying to decrease skin surface microbal counts is recognized as a critical factor in infection control policies (Collins, Hampton, 2005). There are differences in the methods used to wash hands and one of the key differences has been traditional hand-washing with soap and water as compared to the use of alcohol-based hand antiseptic. In a study that was conducted to determine the effectiveness of using the hand antiseptic it was determined that the hand hygiene rate almost doubled within the first month

The seventh article evaluates steps to prevent HAI’s by educating patients. This quantitative study asks patients to fill out a questionnaire before admission, at hospital discharge, and months after the intervention. There was a significant decline in infections from the implementation of hand hygiene and more patients felt offered more opportunities and encouragement (Haverstick, 2017). Hand hygiene relates to my PICOT in the decreasing rate of infection.

As a future medical practitioner, it is of paramount importance that I lead by example, work to influence and encourage fellow health professionals to practice good hand hygiene. The increase in nosocomial infections reflects poorly on the health care system, not only it is costly, strenuous on patients and unethical, but essentially, it reflects poorly on us as doctors, our morals and our practice. It is up to us, the future doctors, to change this to see a transformation in our attitudes and actions towards hand washing.

It is known that organisms survive and multiply on human hands creating the opportunity to infect others or the host. The role of unwashed hands in the transferral of infection had long been established. Hands that are used to care, treat and comfort one can potentially become an instrument for harm.(Avsar, G., Kasikci, M., & Yagci, N, 2015). Hand washing not only is essential in hospital setting but also within home setting. Hand hygiene can cause cross contamination in various setting. So it is crucial for nurses to educate their patients the importance of hand washing to help reduce the factors of infection in and out of a health care facility.