Investigatory Project in Biology

Biology 102 introduces students to the concept of evolution, the principles of evolution, natural selection, and major kingdoms of living things organisms. My major is nursing and taking this course is a prerequisite and is required for my major. Taking Biology courses will help me be better knowledgeable in my chosen field. I took biology 101 last semester and we learned about cell and organisms. These are fundamentals things that someone who plans to have a career in the healthcare field needs to know. Also these courses are prerequisites for other science courses I have to take such as microbiology, human anatomy and physiology. As a future nurse these are information that will come in handy everyday. I have three years left in my undergraduate study and more

8. I added the 3 ml of soap to the beaker and stirred the solution 40-50 times with a fresh pipette.

5. “Its most rabid devotees proudly call themselves Peppers, belong to a club called the 10-2-4—so named for one of the early advertising campaigns, which encouraged people to drink three Dr Peppers a day, at ten, two, and four o’clock—and make pilgrimages to Waco, Texas, where a pharmacist at Morrison’s Old Corner Drug Store invented the drink in 1885” (48).

Observation: no bugs were found except small, black, gnats were all close to the ground.

I learned that anaerobic is an organism or tissue that is living in the absence of air or oxygen while aerobic is involves the organism or tissue receiving and requiring air. Furthermore I learned about the anaerobic cellular respiration that uses an electron acceptor rather than oxygen to complete metabolism using electron transport-based chemiosmosis. Also in this reading I learned about fermentation which is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not available.

An association between enzyme production, gene copy number, and gene evolution was explored by conducting analysis of the salivary amylase enzyme, AMY1A gene copy number, and the ancestral starch consumption in Homo Sapiens (Tracey 2017, p.22). It was hypothesized that the relative amount of starch consumption was very high for my personal ancestral diet, thus my AMY1 diploid gene copy number in my genome and salivary amylase concentration would be significantly higher than the population mean. With a population of 28 subjects (n=28), individual saliva samples were collected and compared to a calibration curve to determine the approximate amylase concentration by analyzing absorbance values. Individual samples of buccal cheek cells were

The major storage polysaccharide in plants is starch. These molecules would be found in abundance in the stroma in the plant tubers where it is found as granules. Glucose is stored mainly in the form of starch granules, in plastids like chloroplasts and amyloplasts. Plant starch starts out as glucose, but glucose is very hard for plants to store, so it is converted to starch through polymerization. Amyoplasts turn the glucose into starch and move it to the stroma, and in tubers the stroma is a place to store the food (starch), and when plants need the energy in the starch, it converts the starch back into glucose.

Bean historically have been, and still are in many parts of the world, an important part of the human diet (Levetin & McMahon, 2012). This is because of the high protein content, which is a supplement to many diets around the world, especially in places where meat is too expensive to consume regularly. A culture where this has been true throughout history, and is still true today, is in Costa Rica. In Costa Rica, one of the most widely consumed dished Gallo Pinto (Nalley, 2011). This dish is a mixture of rice and beans, and has been a staple in the Costa Rican diet.

The most important and frequently used herbs and spices in Mexican cuisine are chilli powder, oregano, cilantro, epazote, cinnamon, and cocoa. Chipotle, a smoke-dried jalapeño chilli, is also common in Mexican cuisine. Many Mexican dishes also contain garlic and onions.

The purpose of this experiment was we were trying to see if the number of arthropods would be significantly different in sparse and dense areas of the woods. Ms.Ehnert provided us with the design of a trap to set up in the woods so we could more actually count the amount and types of bugs that we find. The trap was a cup filled with anti-freeze that we put in the ground and then covered it with a paper plait, but raised it so bugs could get in and bigger animals couldn’t. We waited for a week to collect the results and then counted all of them and sorted them. My hypothesis was based off of common sense, the simple assumption that less trees equals less arthropods and more trees equals more arthropods. I knew that living things need a habitat

Hispanic Americans have a strong tie to their culture and display it in their cuisine. Rice and beans are staples to la familia, together they provide a complete protein, and are inexpensive. Spicy peppers and hot sauce provide antibacterial and digestive health qualities that were imperative to provide healthy meals in Mexico because the water supply isn’t guaranteed to be safe for drinking. Historically, many tomato products were introduced to the United States by Mexico, including burritos, tacos, other Mexican cuisine and even ketchup (Sowell, 1981).

Exploring the Expression of an Auxin Induced Gene pCNT103, a Constitutive Gene GapC and a Cytokinin Induced Cig1 Gene in the DNA and RNA Extracts of Differentiated Shoot, Root, and Callus Tissue of Nicotiana tabacum

The overall purpose of the lab is to have the students practice designing an experiment, gathering data, and then analyzing that data to form a conclusion using the scientific method. It also served to understand key terms such as hypothesis, dependent variable, and independent variable. The specific objective of this lab is to determine whether certain human body parts experience allometric or isometric growth. Allometric growth defines when certain parts of an organism grow at unequal rates in comparison to its whole, while isometric growth is when all parts of an organism grow at the same rate in comparison to the entire organism. The specific purpose of the lab is to determine whether or not specific human body parts experience allometric or isometric growth by comparing the ratios of height to two specific body parts, in the students’ case the right hand length and head circumference, in students and newborns. The students formulated the tentative answer that if a team of four compared their height to right hand length ratio, as well as, their height to head circumference ratio, to those of a newborn’s, then the students will discover that the right hand and head experience allometric growth in humans.

Seeds from different capsicum plants were purchased locally. The pepper seeds collected were ‘Japanese chili’, ‘California Bell’, ‘Serrano’, ‘Habanero’, and ‘Jalapeno’.

The law proves that natural selection is necessary for evolution to occur ("SparkNotes: population genetics," 2014). The conditions set up by the Hardy-Weinberg Law allow for variability (the existence of different alleles) and inheritance, but they eliminate natural selection ("SparkNotes: population genetics," 2014). The fact that no evolution occurs in a population meeting these conditions proves that evolution can only occur through natural selection ("SparkNotes: population genetics," 2014). The Hardy-Weinberg Law allows us to estimate the effect of selection pressures