Ipv6 And The Current Version Of Internet Protocol

The reminder of the paper is organized as follows. In section Ⅱ, the format of Ipv6 address and its packet header are introduced. In section Ⅲ, a comparison between Ipv6 and Ipv4 is conducted from multiple aspects. In section Ⅳ, the challenge of current Ipv6 development and installing is described.

The internet was invented around the early 1960s with the research of Packet switching. What they called ARPANET led to the development of the internetworking, where multiple networks could be joined together over to create a network of networks. IP defined by RFC791 was the first widely used versions of the internet protocol. This was known as version four, this would make you think that there were three other versions of IP before this version however, there really was not. IPv4 was originally designed for an internetwork, a fraction of what the size of the internet is today. IPv4 has served its purpose very well, however with the growth of the internet it was just a matter of time before they would need to create a new version of IP. The development of a new version IP would began in the mid-1990s. The new version of IP is known as Internet Protocol version Six (IPv6) or sometimes called IP next generation or IPng. One of the biggest questions that came about when the announcement of IPv6 was what Happened to IPv5. “The answer is: it doesn 't exist. While this may seem confusing, version 5 was in fact intentionally skipped to avoid confusion, or at least to rectify it.” (Tcpipguide.com, 2014) If you consider just how much the internet has grown over the years you will notice that IPv4 has done its job very well, however as discussed it has been apparent for many years now that the limitation of IPv4 would be reached. This is where IPv6 comes into play. IP play such a

With the rapid growth of the Internet after commercialization in the 1990s, it became evident that far more addresses than the IPv4 address space has available were necessary to connect new devices in the future. By 1998, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) had formalized the successor protocol. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address, allowing 2128, or approximately 3.4×1038 addresses, or more than 7.9×1028 times as many as IPv4, which uses 32-bit addresses and provides approximately 4.3 billion addresses. The two protocols are not designed to beinteroperable, complicating the transition to IPv6. However, several IPv6 transition mechanisms have been devised to permit communication between IPv4 and IPv6

IPv4 address exhaustion- A term referring to the very real problem in the worldwide Internet, which first presented itself in the late 1980s, in which the world appeared to be running out of the available IPv4 address space.

With admirable foresight, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) initiated as early as in 1994, the design and development of a suite of protocols and standards now known as Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), as a worthy tool to phase out and supplant IPv4 over the coming years. There is an explosion of sorts in the number and range of IP capable devices that are being released in the market and the usage of these by an increasingly tech savvy global population. The new protocol aims to effectively support the ever-expanding Internet usage and functionality, and also address security concerns.

IPv6 is not a solution for security, however, in light of the fact that few security issues

The researchers expected to build a system to help people and considered all users to be compliant. Similarly when Al Gore pushed the funding and building of lines through the legislature he advertised it as an Information Superhighway. Imagine the world before the internet. The promise of a source of information. A way to communicate through more than just phone lines was exciting. The last thing on the researchers and politicians mind was what if someone wants to ruin it.

There are many reasons the ISPs and others have given that argue for a need to change. The internet has certainly changed over the years, it would make some sense that things will have to evolve and change with it.

Microsoft, Intel, Apple and Google have brought internet reach to around 3 Billion people. The following chart shows the expansion of internet during the following years.

A Dynamic IP will change at different times depending on your (ISP), and costs less for your ISP as the device leases a IP address at no extra cost. Geolocation is also less accurate when using dynamic compared to using a static IP address. Due to the lack of spaces left with IPv4 and the need for more spaces, Internet Protocol 6 (IPv6) was developed to replace it. By 1998 the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) had developed the 128-bit address, which was a huge improvement of the 32-bit address of IPv4. The number of addresses IPv6 uses is 2 to the power of 128 which is billions. At the moment, most people are still using IPv4 but we are running out of spaces and most providers will have to start providing IPv6 addresses to

Efficient and hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure - IPv6 global addresses that are used on the IPv6 portion of the Internet are designed to create an efficient, hierarchical, and summarizable routing infrastructure that is based on the common occurrence of multiple levels of Internet service providers.

The TCP/IP protocols are the heart and soul of the Internet, and they describe the fundamental rules that govern all communications in the network. The original address system of the Internet is Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed IPv6 to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. However, IPv6 is not foreseen to supplant IPv4 instantaneously.

This video was really compelling and includes a lot of aspects that sometimes we as parents forget that real threats are there. As a computer science mayor and with an experience of twenty years plus I can say that the internet indeed grows at exponential rates every month. In an article published by (TechnoLlama, 2009) “In countries like the UK, ISPs are struggling to keep up with growing bandwidth demands from online gamers, P2P, Web 2.0 sites, and streaming services such as Last FM, BBC’s iPlayer, and Spotify.” And that was in 2009, in 2012 IPv6 protocol went live. The reason is that this is the next generation of what we knew as IP (IPv4) and “IPv4 has only 4.3 billion addresses, and with PCs, smartphones, tablets, gaming systems, and just about everything else connecting to the Internet we've tapped the system dry. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses and is capable of 340 undecillion addresses. That is 340 times 10 to the 36th power, or 340 trillion trillion trillion possible IP addresses” (Bradley, 2012).

All of these developments in the field of computing continued to grow. As the Personal Computer was born, regular old people started to find the Internet useful to them. Online services such as America Online, Prodigy, and CompuServe started to control Internet services to the home user (Abbate 203). As Internet needs continued to grow, more ISPs, Internet Service Providers, popped up. Currently there are a countless number of ISPs, but people want more (Brown 2).

Those who implemented the IP addressing did not consider the fact the internet services would grow to the current status. In the past, running a network without using an IP addressing was unimaginable; but today, NAT has come with the solution to all these challenges. The only problem is that long-term solution is yet to be realized. IPV4 has provided a solution, but it uses only 32 bit hence not very efficient (Tyson). Through NAT, a router acts as an agent between a public network (Internet)