Ir Spectra Lab Report

The unknown NMR/IR Unknown #7 was C8H11N. The first in determining the structure from looking at the NMR spectra was to determine the degrees of saturation (DoU). DoU helps identify the number of bonds within the compound. The DoU can be determined by looking at the chemical formula and using the equation, DoU= (2C + 2 + N - X – H)/ (2). For this particular compound, I identified that the DoU was 4. Next, using the given IR peak, as well as looking at the chemical formula, the weak wavelength of 3400 cm-1 was identified as a amine function group, and that particular peak was a N-H bond stretch. Next the NMR spectra was examined. Using the spectra, I noticed there were four different peaks, The first peak was a singlet around 7.3-7.3 ppm and only had one hydrogen on the compound.

Possible reasoning for a lower yield could be loss of product during separation process, particularly leaving some product behind in Erlenmeyer flask. Another possible explanation could be the wash of product with not enough cold water, which increases the solubility of the product, thus lowering the yield. Also the product was lost during purification process, recrystallization. Solid could be dissolved below the boiling point of the solution, thus required more solvent, resulting in a lower

This experiment was governed by the the Wittig reaction mechanism, which is done properly yields an alkene. The percent yield for the overall experimented, after purification was approximately 4.23%, not a very high yield but enough to carry out subsequent

The hydroxyl group set the directing effect for the product to have the iodine be placed para- to the hydroxyl group. IR spectrum showing a strong peak at 816.50 cmˉ¹ in the fingerprint region suggested a ring substitution pattern of 1, 2, 4- Trisubstituted because this pattern is expected to have peaks between 850- 800 cmˉ¹.

Using the formula for percent yield, the percent yield was found to be 68.6%. There are a lot of different reasons why this percent yield is very low. The team reaction may not have been complete during the 40 minutes time period. Since the temperature also had to be frequently changed this could have also played some effect on the reaction procedure. Some of the product may have also evaporated because the experiment apparatus was not properly sealed.

Chemiluminescence is a reaction well known to those who enjoy crime scene shows. Luminol is first synthesized in the experiment. Then, the crude luminol produced is oxidized to release photons giving off a light blue glow in a dark room. In a crime scene show, the blood acts as a catalyst aiding in the oxidation of luminol and hydrogen peroxide resulting in the blue glow 1.

The percentage of the product being recovered is more than 50% which is 59%. The Percentage yield obtained is not 100% as what we expected, this might be due to the spillage of the benzoic acids when it was being measured or transferred and the benzoic acid was not weighed properly. It might also be caused by the errors when the benzoic acids solution was not filtered properly and they might have trapped in the filter paper.

Next, I noticed that my spectra showed a 2H, quintet, a CH2 at 1.6. Then, I noticed that my spectra showed a 3H, doublet, a CH3 at 1.3 and a 3H, triplet, a CH3, at 0.98. Lastly, I noticed that my spectra showed a 1H, sextet at 2.7 and I knew that it was a C-H bond because it gave me the correct amount of carbon’s and hydrogen’s. Since my spectra had a monosubstituted ring, I knew that that piece went on the end. I knew that my two methyl groups also went on the ends of the structure. Then for the C-H bond, I knew that that piece had to go in between to the monosubstituted ring and one of the methyl groups, which left the

The objective of experiment H was to identify an unknown compound using only infrared resonance (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. IR helped determine the functional groups present in the molecule. NMR helped solve the structure of the molecule. The first step to solving my molecule was analyzing my IR spectra. The broad bands at 2958cm-1 indicated C-H alkane stretches.

The hypothesis that was made was, if we shine light at several different transparent objects at ranging densities the light will bend more when it moves through an object of higher density, and bend less with an object of lower density. For this project a computer was used to simulate shining light at the following objects/mediums: Prisms, water, air, and glass. The intensities of the reflection and refraction were measured by the angles from the vertical speed and wavelength. Light came through several prisms, and we noticed that different wavelength of light (i.e. colors of lights) behaved differently. When reacting to different objects the light came out at sharper angles of light.

Spectroscopy is the is the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. 1 Frequently, spectroscopic data is shown as a spectrum, which is a plot of the response (usually absorbance or transmittance), as a function of wavelength or frequency. Devices that measure this radiation are called spectrometers, spectrophotometers, spectrographs or spectral analyzers

In the spectroscopy lab, a spectrometer was used to observe different elements and notice the line spectrum associated with each element, and the wavelength associated with each color. Also, within this lab, one is able to observe the Hydrogen element, and quantify the wavelength of the element, in order to use an equation to find the initial orbital for that given color. Spectroscopy by definition is a scientific study in which a measurement is used to quantify absorbance and emission, (“Spectroscopy.”). Through the study of spectroscopy, the atomic model theory was created by Neils Bohr. The theory proved that electrons are confined to a specific orbital floating around the nucleus.

Meta indicates two electrophiles on the first and third carbon and para is the first and fourth carbon. For this lab Ortho-para directors where the focus due to activation. Activation is the process by which activating substituent groups a stabilize the cationic intermediate after the addition of the first electrophile substituents. Activating substituents donate electrons to the cationic intermediate to stabilize the ring. The extra electrons are stored only on carbons 2,4 and 6, hence ortho-para directing of the second electrophilic substituent. Depending on the strength of the activator one or two electrophilic substituents may be added to the benzene

B. The purpose of this lab is to study Infrared Spectroscopy, which focuses on the study of the electromagnetic spectrum. The area to be studied is the infrared region, which is made up of gamma, X, and UV rays. We want to be able to identify spectra’s to their complementary structures. The background of this experiment particularly deals with the study of compound structure determination, and traits. We must be aware of the functional groups that occur in the compounds in order to correctly assess accurate results. Molecular vibrations affect the frequency of the stretch or bend, and the frequency of the bond is determined by 3 types of bonds between atoms. Infrared absorptions are

The aldol reaction is a means of forming carbon-carbon bonds in organic chemistry. Discovered independently by the Russian chemist Alexander Borodin in 1869 and by the French chemist Charles- Adolphe Wurtz in 1872, the reaction comvines two carbonyl compounds to form a new B-hydroxy carbonyl compound. These products are known as aldols, from the aldehyde + alcohol, a structural motif seen in many of the products. Aldol structural units are found in many important molecules, whether naturally occuring or synthetic. For example, the aldol reaction has been used in the large-scale production of the commodity chemical penaerythritol and the synthesis of the heart disease drug Lipitor.