Ir The Iranian Nuclear Program

An Iranian Opposition group reveals Nuclear plants and refineries. This begins the U.N and individual country sanctions on Iran. Four rounds of sanctions are implemented and no change in foreign or nuclear policy in Iran has occurred. In 2014, President Obama and newly elected Iranian President Rouhani conducted a teleconference. This was the first President-to-President talk between the nations in 30 years. History of Iran: Oil Nationalization. (2001).

Since the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPoA), or Iran Deal, was signed in Vienna on July 14, 2015, there widespread debate as to whether the agreement would benefit both sides of the pact. Due to the numerous amount of steps taken to ensure Iran’s compliance, the accord between Iran China, France, Russia, the U.K, the U.S, Germany and the EU (P5+1+ Eu countries) provides both sides with comfortable allowances that allow each state to thrive. Though highly contested, as demonstrated from the varying opinions in the supplied articles, the JCPOA solidified the deconstruction of Iran’s uranium enrichment program, which is one of the hardest objectives to achieve in the field of international relations. As shown by the world’s quandary

With a renewed economy and enhanced military, if Iran elects to pursue a nuclear weapon in the future, critics argue they will be able to effectively withstand renewed sanctions and more ably protect centrifuge sights. Iran is also refusing to release details to the U.S. of its past nuclear activities, critics believe that the release of this information would finally disprove Tehran’s previous statements, that Iran was utilizing a peaceful program and that Islam forbids nuclear weapons. The ambiguity of Iran’s nuclear past has led to incomplete information on the part of the US and incomplete information in international relations is often a catalyst for military action. Furthermore, Critics believe that Iran will not entirely halt their nuclear program, but rather has significant incentive to misrepresent what they are developing, and will in fact work, in secret, on smaller-scale projects, such as specialized high-explosives that could act as a trigger in a nuclear bomb. Finally, according to many critics of this deal, the US is, in essence, allowing the Iranians, who in their opinion will have no incentive to abide by the limitations of this deal after they receive the pay out of lifted economic sanctions, to build a bomb. To them this

However, the sanctions placed on Iran were placed there for a reason and that reason was because of “Iran’s continued illicit nuclear activities” (U.S. State Department) These economic sanctions were placed to hinder the attempt of Iran to build a nuclear bomb and now we are throwing away those sanctions that were in place to protect us.

Why Iran and United States have been in the cold war for a long time? Why Iran nuclear program still is a problem? Why it took long time to make an agreement? Iran's growth in nuclear technology dates to the 1950's, when the Shah of Iran began paying attention, assistance over the U.S. Atoms for Peace program. Although Iran signed the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) as a nonnuclear weapon attitude in 1968 and ratified it in 1970, the Shah take care of have had nuclear weapons ambitions. However, the 1979 Iranian Revolution and planned Iran-Iraq war tentative the nuclear program's expansion. In the 1990's Iran began coming after a national nuclear fuel cycle power by developing a uranium mining the common people and

The U.S. should prevent Iran from developing or acquiring a bomb as it would pose a specific security threat to Israel and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member states which are important strategic allies of the U.S. The ultimate goals of U.S. policies towards Iran are to limit Iranian uranium enrichment program, to relieve sanction and to ensure inspections conducted by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through new sanctions against and diplomacy with Iran. Liberal institutionalism provides the best approach for dealing with security issues regarding nuclear proliferation in Iran because diplomacy would satisfy both Iranian and U.S and its allies’ interests. This memo explains the assumptions of liberal institutionalism, introduces the Iranian nuclear program background, provides liberal institutionalism diplomatic options, and offers specific strategic options with recommendations.

Around 2003, the hidden Iranian plan of becoming a nuclear power and producing atomic bombs was revealed by a major opposition group: Mojahadeen. The U.S and other Western countries have been seriously discussing this matter with Iranian authorities after they verified the validity of the news. Iran has undergone billions dollars in expenses, in attempts to gain nuclear power. Generally, the main sanctions are divided into four different groups: U.S sanctions (Executive Order), European sanctions, UN sanctions, and sanctions imposed by the U.S congress. During the beginning years, the effect rate of sanctions weren 't very high until sanctions were imposed on Iran’s oil/energy sector and the banking system (Slavin, 2007).

“Iranian leaders follow religious rationality rather than a secular rationality. Iran’s Ayatollah Khamenei has issued a fatwa against nuclear weapons and has called its use a crime against humanity…. In Islam religious legitimacy is much more important than secular legitimacy. When producing and using nuclear weapons is regarded as ‘haram’ (forbidden), violating the fatwa has consequences even if all other laws permit its use,” (Sonboli,

Since the pre World War II period, Iran continued to be a center of attraction to several superpowers such as Britain and Russia. These countries had an eye for the rich mineral and oil deposits in the country. The United States established its interests in Iran to control the supply of these commodities. Iran and the US maintained a close friendship up to the era of the Islamic Revolution in the 1970s. In this era, Iran was in constant warfare with neighboring countries and the relationship between the US and Iran deteriorated. The US had helped Iran develop their first nuclear energy in the 1960s. In the course of the same period, Iran signed a nuclear weapons treaty which stopped them from producing any forms of nuclear weaponry. However, in 1970, the country breached the treaty and started producing nuclear weapons (Oczan & Ozdamar 122).

Nuclear weapons have provided states that possess them with the firepower to deter attacks since the United States developed the first bombs in the 1940’s. Those states with the abilities to develop such weapons have solidified themselves atop the global hierarchy. Since few states have such weapons, it is naturally attention grabbing when a nation is revealed to be in the process of developing them. Iran began a nuclear program in the 1950’s with the help of the United States, who suspended help after the Iranian Revolution in 1979 (Breachy and Sinha 1-3). After the monarchy was overthrown and replaced with a clerical Islamic government, many nations, especially the United States, began to fear that the Iranians were using their nuclear program to create weapons of mass destruction (Brachy and Sinha 10-13). Over the years, sanctions from the United States, the European Union, and other central powers, have crippled Iran’s economy. After the election of President Ahmadinejad in 2005, who supported the Iranian Nuclear program and offended Israel by calling the Holocaust a myth, many great powers have began to work with Iran in an attempt to retard its nuclear capabilities in return for a reduction of international sanctions. Many actors in these negotiations want different things. Iran would like to have the sanctions against it lifted while maintaining the ability to develop nuclear weapons. This would allow Iran to boost its position at the expense of others in the Middle

During the mid 20th century the United States supported Iran and they were close allies due to Iran’s control over the world’s oil industry. However, when the Shah attempted to nationalize their oil, the CIA organized a coup to overthrow the Shah. The appointed shah remained till 1979 when the new Shah was forced to flee the country as the Iranians began to become unhappy with the harsh rule of the Shah. This revolution of 1979 transformed their relations from a close ally to hostility.

Globalization is defined as the ‘world becoming a small global village’ where all countries merge into a mosaic of one multicultural free communication of information village. Yet, if globalization is supposed to enhance the relationships between different cultures, making the whole world one nation, it drastically fails, due to the many differences between the world’s nations. Iran is one example of a country nation that has been detached from the global structure. With all the studies that have been made on Iran, the 1979 Revolution caused the West to treat Iran with great bias, in a similar fashion to the prevailing bias against the entire Eastern region. Iran has since been

Iran’s current nuclear program is made up of 20,000 gas centrifuges at 3 major facilities. There is a large nuclear power reactor operating in Iran, and two more are planned for construction. The country also has a major program developing uranium enrichment, which was concealed for many years. Iran is now limiting its enrichment-related activities and ceasing its work on heavy water-related projects, under an internationally-agreed Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Most enriched uranium has now been removed from the country.

The Islamic Republic of Iran’s conquest for nuclear energy technology commenced during the 1950’s, inspired by U.S President Dwight Eisenhower’s program called “Atoms for Peace”. This program fabricated a plan in which the U.S Atomic Energy Commission would lend Iran as much as 13.2 pounds of low-enriched uranium in order to further develop their nuclear industries, including health care and medicine.i Two years following the agreement, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi established the Tehran Nuclear Research Center at the Tehran University, and the United States to arranged to supply a five-megawatt reactor. Several years later, in July of 1968, Iran signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

Due to the severity and danger of nuclear weapons, it is very important for nations to have some sort of regulation with regard to the nuclear program and more specifically their nuclear weapons program. After the first nuclear bomb was created by the U.S. nations states that followed the U.S. with the creation of a nuclear bomb seek to justify their creation of the nuclear. There are many reasons why a nation state will create a nuclear bomb but the key issue here is why and how nations states should be regulated with regard to nuclear weapons development. If Iran is considered a potentially hostile regime based on the perspective of western allies it would be logical to attempt to negotiate with them so that their nuclear program can have some type of regulation rather than no regulation at all or striving to strong arm them from developing their nuclear program and possibly a nuclear weapons program.