Ira History And Transformation Of The Ira Essay

The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) was formed in 1969. The Official IRA declared a cease-fire in the summer of 1972, and subsequently the term IRA began being used for the organization that developed from the 'Provisional' IRA. Organized into small, tightly knit cells under the leadership of the Army Council the IRA has remained largely unchanged. It is difficult to know the exact number of IRA members because of the political and economic persecution that comes with publicly endorsing the IRA. It is estimated that there are several hundred members, plus several thousand sympathizers, but the IRA's strength may have been affected by operatives leaving the organization to join hard-line splinter groups.

As proved today, we should clearly stay under Britain's rule. Let’s not forget that being a loyalist was very risky and unsafe. Whenever someone was a loyalist they were put into danger because patriots were known to overreact. For example, when Thomas Hutchinson revealed he was a loyalist, patriots burnt down his house instead of being civilized. Also, you could be imprisoned by the patriots just for being a loyalist. The patriots felt that being a loyalist was wrong and would imprison you just for having that opinion. Along with being imprisoned, you had to pay a huge amount of money to get out. This goes to show that many people were afraid to be loyalists because of the consequences and how violent the patriots were. This also shows that

The Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA) is a splinter group of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) that uses sabotage, subversion, and guerilla warfare to express its opposition to the terms of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. This agreement basically recognized that the majority of the people within Northern Ireland wished to remain a part of the United Kingdom. It also recognized that a large section of the people of Northern Ireland, and the majority of the people of the continent of Ireland wanted a united Ireland. For the most part, the Good Friday Agreement brought an end to the struggle between unionists and nationalists during the “Troubles” (an unconventional war spanning from 1968-1998 in Northern Ireland between British security forces, republican and loyalist paramilitaries, and civil rights groups). To understand how the RIRA came to be, you have to know a little about the history of the IRA. Specifically, on how the members regarded violence as a means to a unified Ireland without British involvement. “In December 1969, the IRA divided into “Official” and “Provisional” wings. Both factions were committed to a united Irish republic, but the Officials eschewed violence after 1972, whereas the Provisionals, or “Provos,” carried out various attacks and assassinations, attempting to compel the British Army to withdraw from Northern Ireland. In the wake of the Bloody Sunday shootings by the British military in January 1972, the Provos’ ranks

Ira Hayes was one of the flag raisers captured in the famous picture on Iwo Jima hill. Ira Hayes was a Pima Indian born in Arizona on the twelfth of January 1932. Ira dropped out of high school just before going into his junior year. He went on to join the conservation corps for two months in 1942 ,after this he became a carpenter.

The war between the republicans and the unionists in Dublin, Ireland gets pretty serious when you read the story (based on an autobiography), "The Sniper" written by Liam O'Flaherty. The republicans want Ireland to stay as a part of the United Kingdom while the unionists want Ireland to be its own country. Because of this war, many people die because of snipers in the army. In my opinion, the sniper can be considered and is a hero. It is because of the reasons he is fighting for, he kills an old lady and his brother,

The CIRA’s main objective is to rid Northern Ireland of British influence. According to Pike, (2004) “Continuity refers to the groups belief that it is carrying on the original IRA goal of forcing the British out of Northern Ireland”. The reason they are able to commit attacks is because of the amount of support that they received from various places. The CIRA are known to get funding and weapons from supporters in the United States. They have also received weapons and materials from the real IRA operating out of the Balkans (Pike, 2004). The amount of members that an organization has does not disqualify it for being labeled as a terrorist organization by the United States. The CIRA were recognized as a terrorist group by the United States on July 13th 2004 by the Department of State (Pike, 2004).

IRA and Just War theory From 1969 until 1997, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) was engaged in warfare against both British forces in Northern Ireland and the Irish who remained loyal to them. Known for their extremist tactics and labeled as terrorists, the IRA used shootouts, bombings and assassinations in Northern Ireland and in Britain as a means to resist the British occupation of Ireland. While inflicting violence, the IRA killed both soldiers actively in battle, but they also killed many civilians. Although the IRA took great strides to decrease civilian casualties, the extent to which it actually cared was questionable. This paper will focus on specific IRA attacks and whether they uphold the Just War principles.

The Troubles are the most well-known and studied cases of Ethnic terrorism in the modern age. The war between the Protestant majority and the sizable Catholic minority in Northern Ireland was centuries old, but the Troubles as they are called lasted about 100 years and some argue still continue today in a lesser form. The Protestants fought to keep their majority and remain part of Protestant England; while the Catholics wished to cede from what they viewed as Protestant rulers and join the Irish Republic. However, while this conflict heated up in Northern Ireland the British decided to intervene by sending troops into the torn community. At first this was welcomed by Catholic moderates, but soon British practices were viewed through the

Unlike in the War of Independence the IRA did not have the backing of many Irish-Americans. Probably the major problem with finding backing amongst their former allies was the fact that they all almost universally welcomed the signing of the Treat. Even Irish strongholds like the city of Boston were pro-treaty, with one James Phelan telegramming the Lord Mayor of Dublin that he loved the treaty saying he expressed the “feeling(s) of all true friends of Ireland and England the world over” . Even the Catholic church in America refused to help the IRA. Former allies in Scotland were also of little help as most were loyal to Joseph Vize, who was a member of President Collins inner circle. With their assets in the United States frozen by Congress, the IRA had little chance of securing enough money to buy firearms. In addition to this the lack of support of the Irish in the United States meant that they would be unable to receive any substantial sum of money nor be able to secure weapons shipments. Additionally, unlike in the previous war they were unable to obtain arms and explosives from sympathizers in Scotland in large part thanks to Collin’s influence over this area. The IRA repeated a mistake they made during the earliest inkling of revolution, as in the Easter Rebellion they were reliant on outside forces acting on their

The alleged origin of the Irish Republican Army could be traced back to the Easter Rising of 1916 (Alonso, 2001; Arena & Arrigo, 2004; Filardo-Llamas, 2013; Hart, 1997; Page & Smith, 2000). Radical nationalists, who were part of a group called the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), took the opportunity to take up arms against the British during the war in Europe (Filardo-Llamas, 2013). The Irish Republican Brotherhood was the precursor of the modern IRA. They were a secret society who was

In 1969, the more traditionalist republican members split off into the Provisional IRA and Sinn Féin. The Provisional IRA operated mostly in Northern Ireland, using violence against the Royal Ulster Constabulary and the British Army, and British institutions and economic targets. They also killed members of the Irish Army and the Garda Síochána, which was against one of their standing orders.

However, since 1969 significant changes have happened with in the UK. The IRA ‘The Troubles’ had been the largest threat regarding terrorism for the UK. Grievance over several ideologies have been the trigger for such events Donahoe, H (2006). 44 After the cease fire the violence via the IRA had diminished, however some of the splinter groups did continue with their violence and extremism Donahoe, H (2006). Much similarity can be given between IRA and IS, such as

Óglaigh na hÉireann or the “dissident” Irish Republican Army, also known as the Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA) and associated with the Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA), the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), and the New Irish republican Army (NIRA) broke away from the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in November 1997. The IRA called a cease-fire with the British government and Loyalists, which the RIRA wanted nothing do with. The RIRA is dedicated to ensure the removal of Great Britain from North Ireland and to unify all of Ireland. They are a small, tightly knit, and well-organized, powerful group.

During the British invasion and colonization, the Irish endured decades of violence and oppression. During this time, the Irish were stereotyped and made out to be inferior to their British counterparts in an attempt to justify their right to rule. The Irish people were depicted as violent drunks who were more animal than human. They were often likened to pigs, portrayed as poor, dirty, and stupid. Obviously, this contributed to the animosity between the native Irish and their Anglo-Irish neighbors. The country lacked any sort of unified national identity. Even after Ireland received full independence, the effects of this long term injustice definitely left its mark. Once they received full autonomy, Irish society

The Irish Republican Army Ideology The Irish Republican Army ideology is still living in Northern Ireland, nearly a century after the organization’s establishment. Although the IRA has since disbanded, the spirit is kept alive by a number of splinter factions, including the Provisional, Continuity, and Real IRAs. Not many terrorist organizations can maintain a campaign this extensive in time. The long history of the IRA campaign of terror leads to many political, social, religious, educational and economic effects.