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In the early days of computing, a hacker was primarily referred to as a computer guru, someone who is extremely technical with a high expertise in computer also known as “Expert Programmers”. Nevertheless, as technology is advancing at a face pace, hacking has adopted a completely different definition. The modern definition is someone who access a computer system primarily to steal or destroy information. Hacking has caused major harm in the realm of technology. Over the years, hackers have become much more lethal in their craft. They manage to break into complex information systems from entities such as banks, government agencies, and private businesses. Furthermore, they often manipulate their victims through social engineering in order to obtain financial benefits. Hackers hold different label such as: black hat hacker and white hat hacker in which all have their own motives.

The most common type of network and the frames that come with it is Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), also known as:

The likelihood of an attack or breach dealing with the current infrastructure of the company’s

This type of attack is usually used for bringing down the systems at once by constantly sending massive amount of URL requests or overloading the server’s network traffic with bogus information. This is purposefully done to either a user’s system or the whole network to interrupt it partially or render it completely useless. When the system is brought down to its knees, the crackers either transform the complete system/website or do some manipulate some particular component to benefit from

The periodic assessment of risk to agency operations or assets resulting from the operation of an information system is an important activity. It summarizes the risks associated with the vulnerabilities identified during the vulnerability scan. Impact refers to the magnitude of potential harm that may be caused by successful exploitation. It is determined by the value of the resource at risk, both in terms of its inherent (replacement) value, its importance (criticality) to business missions, and the sensitivity of data contained within the system. The results of the system security categorization estimations for each system, is used as an aid to determining individual impact estimations for each finding. The level of impact is rated

This type of attack is any event that diminishes or eliminates a network’s capacity to perform its expected function. These attacks are launched against server resources

Attack: An assault on the system security that is derived from an intelligent threat. An attack is any action that violated security.

For example, they can shut down cell phone towers, cut power to trains, and turn off airport landing lights. In early October of this year, cyberattacks blocked access to very popular websites like Twitter, Netflix, and Amazon. They targeted such popular websites so that they could make the public known of their presence and what they can do. The author states, “It would be silent but enormously destructive. The two sides could block access to the Global Positioning System, disrupt air traffic control and electric grids, and block access to the internet or fill popular websites with propaganda - causing widespread chaos and fear.” In this passage, the author gives many examples of what these hackers are capable of. In conclusion, hacking and cyberattacks can be very destructive to all aspects of

Moreover, now days using information system is not as walking as in the park, it has many new security treats that the company might lose their confidential data, financial and personal information.

Learn software and computing concepts. To be a true member of a hacktivists organization it is critical that one knows how to hack or at least supervise security and privacy. It would be appropriate to understand the TOR network, which is a multi level encryption browsing bundle that allows for sluggish but secure browsing as well as access to the dark web, the forbidding side of the internet; VPN, or virtual private network security which allows for the bypassing of filtering inside schools and other organizations due to the layer two tunneling protocols used in the OSI model for computers and networks in wide-ranging and general sense of the word. Finally Proxies, another privacy system allowing the use of alternate servers to handle a request, which effectively obfuscates the transmission of data, or in extremely intricate proxies it turns the request into a form of cryptographic communication in

Phishing is where the gullible user is brought to a simulation of the actual site but with a minor difference. Example: “google.com and googIe.com, (where the lowercase l has been replaced by an uppercase

Computer hacking: Is the practice of modifying computer hardware and software to accomplish a goal outside of the creator’s original purpose. People who engage in computer hacking activities are often called hackers. Since the word “hack” has long been used to describe someone who is incompetent at his/her profession, some hackers claim this term is offensive and fails to give appropriate recognition to their skills. The majority of hackers are technology buffs. They are self-motivated and learning about computers is their true passion. ("What Is Computer Hacking?" WiseGEEK. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 July 2013).

Information security professional’s job is to deploy the right safeguards, evaluating risks against critical assets and to mitigate those threats and vulnerabilities. Management can ensure their company’s assets, such as data, remain intact by finding the latest technology and implementing the right policies. Risk management focuses on analyzing risk and mitigating actions to reduce that risk. Successful implementation of security safeguards depends on the knowledge and experience of information security staff. This paper addresses the methods and fundamentals on how to systematically conduct risk assessments on the security risks of information systems.

Spoofing is an attack that falsifies information in order to disguise and misconstrue an identity to appear as someone else, or as an application. An example, per say, would be an instance that took place in Arizona at the works of Daniel David Rigmaiden. Rigmaiden used what is known as an air card to spoof a nearby cell tower. Rigmaiden was indeed caught by the FBI, but this case was a major event for the intelligence community, due to the judges’ skeptical preceding’s in order to catch a major

Denial-of-service is an attack aimed to refuse access for legitimate users and disrupt service availability according to www.msdn.microsoft.com. This type of security threat according to www.tech.co.uk is rapidly increasing on the Internet due to open doors on Websites. By using the Internet, companies increase the risk of denial of service attack. Denial of service can also be caused by too many connected to a server at the same making run slow or unavailable to others. People who deliberately abuse a network server are often difficult to track down.