Iran 's State Run Broadcast Media

A liberal is a person that believes that the government should provide equality for all, while a conservative is a person that believes in limited government and that the government should provide the necessary freedom for people to pursue their own goals. Over time, it has been argued, mostly by conservatives, that there is a liberal bias in the media. Liberals have combated this idea with the belief that conservative media is devoted to making efforts to invoke fear and division in the general public. Though liberals make a fine counter-argument, it is easier to observe that the media is liberal-biased. The liberal versus conservative debate can be compared to facts versus values. Another reason for bias within the media is that a significant percentage of minorities, or smaller groups within the population that are often thought to be poorer, politically identify themselves as liberals. To make these minorities feel like the government is on their side as well as everyone else’s, the media must accommodate the needs of these minorities. Because of this, the media becomes liberal-biased.

Consequently, the political sphere is now being colonised by the media, and politics has begun re-orientating itself to satisfy the logic of media organisations (Meyer, 2002, p. 71). Therefore, the media are active participants in the policymaking process and the ability to stimulate change or maintain the status quo depends on their choice of subject or policy issue and how they frame it. Active investigative reporting attempts to shape policy outcomes, but this does not necessarily mean that it always represents the most successful approach for gaining policy changes (Spitzer, 1993, p. 7). In fact, sometimes passive, straight reporting can have a greater influence on policy choices. When this occurs, media independence is largely bypassed, as the news generated depends solely on the information released (as public relations material) from legitimate news sources. For example, in the United States, White House staff routinely make ‘leaks’ - expressively to influence policy decisions (Davis, 1992, p. 143; Robinson, 2001, p. 948). Robinson noted that journalists regard “leaks… as indispensable to their work” and that they are aware of their use by officials in return for scoops (2001, p. 949).

“Words of Fire,” by Anthony Collings, details the lives of different journalists in regards to free press and covering potentially dangerous stories. Anthony Collings is a former CNN reporter who shifted his focus from reporting to telling the story of journalists who have come under fire in a power struggle between government and free press. Collings puts free press into a spectrum, on one side there is the United States, where the press is largely free, and on the other side there are places like North Korea or China where press is largely restricted by the government. Collings does not focus on these extremes, but rather the places in the middle where there is an ongoing struggle between state power.

The hallmark of American democracy is the nation’s vigilant press. However, intense rhetoric against Journalists saw an increase during the recent

The media in the United States of America has grown on a massive scale in the form of the Liberal Model. This of course entails market-dominated practices and professionalization in journalism in all adequate media aspects. The First Amendment has provided the American citizens with the freedom of speech ever since it was established. This privilege is very evident in today’s society as news media on all sides of the political spectrum gets mass amounts of coverage throughout the country. The U.S. observes never-ending debates going on in the political atmosphere everyday because of the countless issues occurring in the country including the management of the economy, handling of taxes, and many more. Although it is nearly impossible for the media to please everyone in society as a

Freedom of press  has been shown to be highly correlated with high literacy, especially high political literacy. When people read more and understand their political situation better, they can better make their own opinions and evaluate whether or not their particular politicians are supporting their beliefs. Because it's the key to security and also public information.

Media has completely evolved from what it was twenty years ago and now the media plays an extremely large role in politics. Mass media refers to the means for communicating to audiences. In the past, mass media would be considered newspapers, radios, and television announcements. Now, there are social media platforms and apps that deliver news and information to the people wherever they are. Even the current President has no qualms using such platforms as he is a frequent, and not so loved, user of the Twitter app. Almost every government agency and organization has their own website, or even their own twitter/instagram account. This provides the public easy access to information and updates regarding who they follow and what party they identify with. However, this leads to the problem of “newsworthiness”. Newsworthiness is the degree in which a story will likely appeal to the public. This can have very negative consequences as many journalists will write their pieces biasedly to attract the attention of fellow supporters. They will forgo the facts and instead, pick and choose what they want to include in their articles. This leads to a misinformed public, as they never receive the full

Introduction: Today, developed societies are fabricated on obtaining information about the current world through multi billion dollar news corporations which can be be accessed from televisions, papers, websites, and radios. Since the general public is accustomed to this manner, these substantial publishers can effortlessly mold the population's beliefs to suit their desired ideals by reporting on news with incorporated propaganda and subjectivity. So when it's becoming perplexingly more difficult to access factual information about current world events, you have to to analyze whether the source your obtaining news from contains any political agendas, subjectivity, or assumptions. If none, the truth can then be founded upon evidence,

Human beings are influenced by what they see, hear, or read on the news. Today we have several sources to receive news: newspapers, internet, and radio. However, with this information people come to question what is truly the truth. The Cable News Network (CNN) displays footage of current events happening all around the world. This well-known 24-hour news broadcasting system began to change its traditional pattern of news began to encapsulate the way media directs the foreign policy formulation. For the individuals behind the scenes, including policy makers and academics, the 1990’s was a time of media empowerment and growth. Piers Robinson thesis in the “CNN effect revisited” is the ways in which the media influences foreign policy formulation, socially and politically. In his argumentative essay, Robinson discusses the development of foreign policy since the “war on terror” and the “humanitarian war.” Additionally, Robinson discusses the ways media intervened with political decisions and how the media’s voice created military action. The media that has the privilege to voice opinions, can result in less freedom for the press

2. The main points of the article are focused around the way in which news is presented to the public. Through identifying multiple sources of news information, such as the New York Times, Fox News, and an English website, AlJazeera.net, to name a few, the article points out the varying differences and biases generated based upon the omission of certain factual information, the choice of words, and the credibility of the sources. Despite journals being presented with the same underlying information, the information that is presented to the public varies greatly in both the tone and mission from news article to news article. This is further elaborated as a way for the news media to appeal to certain types of demographics. For example, through wording an article in such a way that presents a military action conducted by the U.S. military as a ruthless act of

In today’s society, remaining connected and knowledgeable of current events and the newest trends is vital to staying ahead in business, education, and social standing. This information is supplied to everyone through the internet, newspapers, television, and radio. One can tune into stations such as CNN, NBC, Fox News, Al-Jazeera, and many others (“SQs of Media Outlets”). In order to meet the needs of viewers, readers, and listeners, the ideal media system would contain accurate, quick information, with a purely impartial view on the facts as they are known. However, this modern media system has not maintained an objective view, pushing opinionated and slanted reporting onto the population in order to create profit and gain customers. The exploitation of information media for personal gain has created a toxic and inaccurate present, constant in today’s society.

According to Mark Weisbrot’s article, Denis MacShane, a British former Labour Party politician, attacked the British left in 2009 for defending Hugo Chavez and his new potential media policies. Denis Macshane quotes that the new media policies would, “impose prison sentences of up to four years for journalists whose writings might divulge information against “the stability of the institutions of the state(The Guardian).” The author agrees with the fact that the new policy is detrimental to Venezuela, however, he clearly states that this is nothing new, as there are already a number of bad laws on the books in the country. Weisbrot also goes on to say that Macshane's comments are deceptive because it does not truly represent the nature and state of press freedom in Venezuela(The Guardian). The author states there is both more diversified range of debate in media and oppositional media in Venezuela than the U.S(The Guardian). According to the article, the everyday commentary and reporting in media broadcasts would not be allowed under FCC rules in the

In 2007, in Russia, the owner and the editor-in-chief of a daily paper, was condemned for incitement to hatred through the means of media (European Court of Human Rights, 2015). He wrote and published some articles

This article, as the title suggests, is about young Egyptian reporters developing innovative journalism and business models amidst political arrests and censorship. The article starts with the incident involving Egypt’s Justice Minister Mahfouz Saber. Saber expressed the opinion on National television that a law graduate whose father was a garbage collector could never become a judge because “a judge must come from a respectable environment, materially as well as morally.”

In most cases, the United States just turned a blind eye and gave the Shah the weapons that he needed to stay in power, since he was U.S. backed. The SAVAK, the Shah’s secret police, was exposed by The Washington Post was a major concern for many Americans and the continued arms sales to Iran. During this time, another Iranian topic that frequented the news was the decline of the economy and the impact that it had on oil, especially the oil that was exported to the United States. The Shah began to realize that the stories on Iran were becoming increasingly more negative throughout the 1970s prior to the revolution and the crisis. Because of this, he made all western journalist submit their ideas, topics, agendas, itineraries, etc. to the Iran government before they were approved to enter the country. If the reporters wanted to talk about something that was a little too confrontational and provocative, they would not be granted entry.