The Controversy On Iran's Nuclear Program

In his paper about Iran’s nuclear program, Barry R. Posen emphasized that Iran’s nuclear program may result on regional and global instability. On regional level, neighboring countries of Iran will feel threatened with Iran’s nuclear power. This situation may lead them to follow Iran’s step in developing nuclear weapons even though they do not have the capability to ensure the security of their nuclear sites. Clearly, nuclear weapons proliferation will put the Middle East in escalating dangerous situation. On global level, the U.S. and its allies are concerned that the situation in the Middle East may harm their national interests. The Middle East is still a prominent producer of oil which is the main energy resource for industrial

Offers the A to Z on Nuclear Issues. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, n.d. Web. 2 July 2015.

After the World War 2 comes to an end, the US government formed together the Atomic Energy Commission to encourage the exploration of more peaceful alternative usage of nuclear materials instead of focusing on creation of weapons of mass destruction. Now almost several decades later, there has been one hundred and four nuclear reactors and counting built throughout the states that are harnessing a great amount of energy to meet the demand of one-fifth

and the output amount designated by the U.N. as safe. It also calls for unrestricted inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency or IAEA on all of Iran’s nuclear sites, for use and production output.

Iranium employed a vast range of commentators from authors of books on nuclear Iran, to military officials with experience on the ground in Iran, state officials and ambassadors,

According to the official White House website, Iran currently has two means to produce a nuclear weapon, which are highly enriched uranium (HEU) and plutonium. Assuming there are no other secret facilities, uranium is currently produced at Natanz and FFEP, while plutonium is produced at Arak. The website also mentions that Iran currently possesses enough HEU to produce eight nuclear bombs, and that it possesses 20,000 centrifuges between the previously mentioned Natanz and FFEP sites. The deal requires Iran to reduce its HEU levels by 98% and maintain the levels at or below the 3.67% while reducing the number of centrifuges to 6,104 for at least the next 10 years. Additionally, the deal addresses concerns about future secret facilities, specifying that Iran is subject to exceptionally vigorous monitoring, verification, and inspection measures as well as allowing the IAEA access to any suspected nuclear

Without first understanding the domestic situations that influence the country’s policies, there is no way to understand the policies implications for the world. How Iraq decided their nuclear policy is the basis of this thesis. Thus, examining the influences on U.S., U.K., and U.S.S.R nuclear policy is relevant to how these countries formed their nuclear policy. Therefore, the first part of researching was dedicated to understanding relevant events to Iraq in the 1950s. Primarily, the Iraq Times provides both a catalogue of information on current events that were worthy of being reported to Iraqi citizens and translated articles from other Iraqi newspapers. Although, information gained from the Iraq Times requires myself to fully evaluate the content and be aware of the potential basis as the Iraq Times is a publication from the British Embassy in Baghdad. Bearing this in mind, a comparative analysis is essential between U.K. and U.S. sources of information and reports from Iraqis, both the official government and the people. Following the experience of redacted documents when searching the U.S. National Archives, presents the reality that atomic policy and expertise was a classified project that is only now seeing the light of day. Many letters between political leaders connected to the center remain classified, also, due to the process for classified documents. Meaning, while I have attempted to assemble as a complete analysis as possible, due to

Iran’s current nuclear program is made up of 20,000 gas centrifuges at 3 major facilities. There is a large nuclear power reactor operating in Iran, and two more are planned for construction. The country also has a major program developing uranium enrichment, which was concealed for many years. Iran is now limiting its enrichment-related activities and ceasing its work on heavy water-related projects, under an internationally-agreed Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Most enriched uranium has now been removed from the country.

At Iran 's heavy water plant in Arak modifications have been underway to enable plutonium production. Inspection of this plant, and several more like it will need to focus so that Iran does not produce more than a kilogram a year of fissable materials for weaponry (Gordon). U.S. and Israel have been accusing Tehran of making a program only to make nuclear warheads and non-civilian objectives instead of nuclear energy and fission reactors (“Envoy Reiterates Peaceful Nature of Iran’s Nuclear Activities.”).

Following the discovery of the undeclared construction of a large underground nuclear related facility in Natanz and the existence of highly enriched uranium in 2002, the Iranian nuclear crisis began in full force. The following summer, the then-director of the IAEA, Mohamed ElBaradei, presented a report to the IAEA Board of Governors in which “failures and breaches of safeguards by Iran” were cited without ambiguity and additional inspections were recommended (Mousavin 66). Despite this, ElBaradei refused to say the Iran was in “noncompliance with its safeguards” (Brown 174). This was of much disappointment to the U.S. and further strained its relationship with the IAEA which had just failed to uncover

The United States of America was the first country in the world to develop and test nuclear weapons. The Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed on 6 August 1945 and 9 August 1945. This was the first instance where nuclear weapons were used as warfare. U.S was the sole possessor of nuclear weapons up until August 29, 1949, when the Soviet Union tested their first nuclear weapon. This was followed by the UK in 1952, France in 1960 and China in 1964. During the 1960s these five states negotiated and became parties to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT), and were the only states meeting the Treaty’s definition of a “Nuclear-Weapon State”(NWS). This treaty was opened for signature on 1 July 1968 and entered into force on 5 March 1970. Since then, four Non-Nuclear Proliferation Treaty (NNPT) States are known to possess nuclear weapons: India, Pakistan, Israel and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

Iran launched the nuclear program in 2003, and under the pressure of United Nations Iran signed the Nuclear

Imagine a weapon that can kill 120,000 people in a blink of an eye. A weapon that can produce power of over 50 megatons of TNT. A weapon that not only the impact of it hitting the ground is dangerous but the aftermath of the weapon is just as deadly. And if that’s not enough to make you on edge, what if I told you that this weapon can be detonated from multiple different countries in just a few minutes if they feel like it. Now are you concerned? Well first let’s figure out how and who has this control before we answer if this weapon is a problem. Nuclear energy is the energy that holds neutrons and protons together in the nucleus of an atom. This energy is an effective way that can result in the production of electricity. Whenever one of these physical reactions take place it engenders a slight loss in mass, however this small loss of mass generates a lot of heat energy. This is the same principles that Albert Einstein explained with his famous equation, E=mc2. Nuclear energy, or more specifically military nuclear energy is a “super power” or very special powerful weapon that is seen as really dangerous or defensive in the eyes of the opposing country. How dangerous? Dangerous to the point that an average regular sized nuclear weapon that detonates over a city would burn away 40 to 65 square miles in the blink of an eye. some countries have the privilege or curse of owning nuclear weapons. Some of these countries include: The United States, Russia, The United Kingdom,

The industrial revolution marked the start of the new face of the world with the improved development and quality of life. The revolution increased the rate at which new and complex discoveries have come to be across the world. Countries have over the years embarked on exploiting their natural resources to develop their economies and improve the standard of living of the residents. The international community has however raised issues on how the discovered resources are used because of the security threats that arise as a result. Nuclear energy is one the major discoveries made by a number of countries to provide power and energy for both domestic and industrial use. Nevertheless, the discoveries have raised significant threats to the

Since 2015, Iran physically dismantled a good deal of its nuclear infrastructure , shipped out 98 percent of its enriched uranium , poured concrete into the core of its only heavy reactor capacity to render it permanently inoperable and implemented rigorous transparency measures across its nuclear program. In Return, United states not only failed to implement fully its commitment through facilitating the Iran’s trade with the world but also it chose to get back the pre JCPOA atmosphere and prevent others to work with Iran.