Iron Deficiency Anemia ( Ida )

Anemia is a medical condition defined as having low amounts of red blood cells, thus transporting low levels of oxygen in the blood. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Causes for anemia vary, depending on the severity and duration of illness. Regular anemia can result with low levels of iron in the blood. (Mayo Clinic, 2014)

Anemia is a disorder of the blood. It occurs when your body does not produce enough erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs). Without the erythrocytes oxygen can not be adequately delivered to the tissues and organs throughout the body. This will cause you to become weak and tired. A person may also experience headaches, skin pallor, and faintness. Your body may attempt to compensate for these symptoms by speeding up the heart rate and respiratory rate. This is the body’s attempt to return oxygen levels to normal(Thibodeau and Patton, 2005).

As the concentration of hemoglobin in the Red Blood Cells falls below normal, the total Red Blood Cell count consequently decreases. Therefore, oxygen cannot be adequately carried. (http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/pted/htm/iron.htm).

According to the study, the symptoms of anemia include malaise, lethargy, fatigue, swelling belly, pale skin, poor appetite, numerous infections, and crankiness.

Iron deficiency anemia, one of the most common types of anemia, is a blood disorder where

Then anemia as previously meantioned kills red blood cells. Causing a veriaty of different trouble across the board with the body, along with substanial fatigue. This type of anemia is called low iron-anemia, which goes along with its cause. for this reason it is obvious to see why doctors and scientist believe that iron defiecency is one of the causes for lupus. Low iron enemia as well as chronic enemia wich is passed down through heretity is also suspected to be one of the reasons for lupus.

This anemia results in fatigue and a number of the following problems;pain episodes, strokes, susceptibility to bacterial infections, particularly in children, leg ulcers, bone damage, yellow eyes or jaundice, early gallstones, lung blockage, increased infections, kidney damage and loss of body water in urine, painful erections in men, blood blockage in the spleen or liver, eye damage, low red blood cell counts (anemia), and delayed growth.

Also known as normocytic anemia. This is the most frequent type of anemia most often happening to males over 85 years old. It is a common problem that occurs to men and women over 85 years old. Symptoms include and are caused by: a reduced production of normal-sized red blood cells even though presence of hemoglobin in the red blood cells is within the standard range; an increased production of HbS as is seen in sickle cell diseases; greater destruction and loss of red blood cells; an increase in plasma volume that is not compensated by anything else; a B2 (riboflavin) deficiency; and a B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency. (Brill & Baumgardner 2000).

Looking at (Fig 2) which shows the blood cells of IDA sufferer, it clearly shows some of the structure of the red blood cells has changed, it’s not round anymore compared to the healthy individual (Fig1) who has much rounder cells, this is due to the haem group which helps keep the structure of the blood cell, since an IDA sufferer is lacking the iron in the blood its structure deforms and is unable to carry O2+ molecules to the regions it is needed in. (Fig 2) The red blood cells look much paler (Hypochromic) it has a much large empty region in the middle because there isn’t enough Fe2+ molecule to give it the shape it requires but compared to (Fig 1) which is rounder and still has it colour shows a still functioning red blood cell, the empty space in the middle is due the Bi-concave disc

Anemia is a condition that effects “more than 3 million people in the United States” (Peterson, 2012). Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells (RBCs) or decreased hemoglobin in an individual’s blood. RBCs carry oxygen rich blood throughout an individual’s tissues and organs, allowing the body to function properly. Therefore, an anemic person has a decreased amount of oxygen rich blood flowing through their body. A decreased amount of oxygenated blood is not immediately life threatening but can become very serious. Some potential side effects of anemia are; fatigue, lack of energy, pallor, organ damage, heart failure and death (Peterson, 2012). There are multiple types of anemia with the most common being; iron-deficiency anemia, folic acid-deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency and microcytic anemia (PDRhealth, 2015).

Most people that have this type of anemia do not suffer from the enlargement of the liver and spleen. They also do not suffer from the overloading or building up of iron like the other conditions. Instead, in adulthood the tissue in the retina seem to be affected. In most cases people develop visual impairments because of the retina being affected. To add, people who have CDA type III also may suffer from a disorder known as monoclonal gammopathy, a condition that can lead to cancer of the white blood cells. There are several other variants of this blood condition, but they are very rare and not much is known about

Ms. A is 26-year-old female with a history of menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea since she was 14-16 years old. In addition, she has taken aspirin during menstruation and for preventing and alleviating joint pain during golf season. Her signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, lethargy, light headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension. Her laboratory values show low Hemoglobin (HB), Hematocrit (HCT) and Erythrocyte (RBC) but normal in Reticulocyte (REIC) count. According to Chen, Zieve, & Ogilvie (2014, p. 1), the normal value of HB is 12.1 to 15.1g/dl, HCT is 36.1% to 44.3%, RBC count is 4.2 to 5.2 x10/mm and RETIC count is 0.5% to 1.5% in female. The low Hemoglobin and Hematocrit can direct that Ms. A has anemia. The RBC smear can determine her classification of anemia. Her RBC smear showed microcytic and hypochromic cells. The evidence can indicate that Ms. A has Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA).

Serum iron and TIBC are unreliable indicators of availability of iron to the tissues because of wide fluctuations in levels due to recent ingestion of serum iron, diurnal rhythm and other factors such as infection. World health organization defines IDA when the serum iron levels range from 50- 60 µg/dL (39).on.

Anemia is a state of not having enough healthy erythrocytes (red platelets) to convey oxygen all through the body tissues. To shorter the definition anemia is the decrease in red blood cells. Thus, Dogs who experience the effects of anemia caused by lead poisoning are extremely unsafe. Additionally, puppies that wind up pale over some stretch of time will fare greater than dogs who have a sudden beginning stages of anemia. At the point when the anemia advances gradually, the body has sufficient energy to change in accordance with the diminished red platelet check. Dogs that become anemic quick may die faster because lack of red platelets and oxygen. Some symptoms may include weakness, depression, and decreased appetite (E medication 1). Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia is quite common in children, as iron is needed to support growth. A lack of iron in the diet can cause delays in brain development, which may be irreversible. Common symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include irritability, palor, weakness, and cold hands and feet. Prevention of anemia is crucial for expectant mothers, as anemic women are at a higher risk for delivery complications such as hemorrhaging and having infants of low-birth weight. (Frantz, C. 2010).