Is Diabetes A Chronic Metabolic Disorder?

Uncontrolled diabetes can affect nearly every organ of the body; of which, heart disease and kidney failure are most commonly impacted. Known as diabetes mellitus, a collective term for various blood abnormalities, the term diabetes refers to either a scarcity of insulin in the body or the body’s inability to accept insulin. Though the symptoms of diabetes are manageable, many are unaware as to having it. According to the CDC report “2011 Diabetes Fact Sheet,” approximately 6 million people in the United States have undiagnosed diabetes. Undetected, diabetes can become deadly. In a recent World Health Organization report “Diabetes Action Now: An Initiative of the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation,” it

Currently Healthy People has identified diabetes as one of the 7th leading causes of death in the United States. Diabetes is defined as chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas is not working correctly. There are several kinds of diabetes but the most common are: diabetes type one which is when the body does not produce insulin, diabetes type two is when the body does not use insulin and creates resistance to insulin, it is the most common among diabetics, and other diabetes types are usually gestational, which can be the short term. Not only does diabetes lead to death, it shortens the life expectancy, it also increases the risks for heart disease and it leads to kidney failure which leads to other organ failure. In addition to being

Diabetes is a major medical problem in the US. In the year 2015, it was reported that 86 million Americans are diagnosed with prediabetes (ADA, 2016). Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (CDC, 2016). Research has

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects the body’s metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. The result is hyperglycemia secondary to defective insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2015).

8.3 percent of Americans have a disease called diabetes mellitus, also known as diabetes. It is characterized by high blood sugar, brought on either because the pancreas is not producing enough of a hormone called insulin, which helps remove glucose from the blood, or because the cells are unresponsive to the insulin that is being produced. Three symptoms that result from this high blood sugar are polyuria, or frequent urination, polydipsia, or increased thirst, and polyphagia, or increased appetite. When the body cannot produce insulin, this is called type 1 diabetes. People with this type of diabetes usually have to inject insulin or wear an insulin pump. In contrast, when cells simply cannot use insulin correctly, the patient has type 2 diabetes. This is usually treated by increasing exercise or making adjustments to the diet, which should lower blood sugar. Finally, a third type of diabetes called gestational diabetes occurs only in pregnant women. These women have not been previously diagnosed with diabetes, rather, they have developed high blood sugar during their pregnancy. If not effectively treated by making changes to the diet, gestational diabetes can be a precursor to type 2 diabetes as well as childhood obesity and eventual diabetes in the infant.

1. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of impaired metabolism of fat, carbohydrate and protein which can be caused by either low sensitivity of the tissues to the insulin hormone or lack of insulin secretion. Type 1 diabetes is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and it is caused by lack of insulin secretion.

In 2012, 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3% of the population, had diabetes. Of the 29.1 million, 21.0 million were diagnosed, and 8.1 million were undiagnosed. "In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths"(Lewis 1367). According to, well known, diabetes researcher McCance "Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common" (674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin production, secretion, and utilization. How can us Americans reduce the wide spread of this disease? The first step is to be informed on its complications, and signs so you can avoid accidentally bringing it upon yourself.

Known for beginning in childhood, Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where our pancreas is failing in producing insulin due to antibodies damaging our pancreas. Risk factors for type 1 diabetes can start with family history, which is increased if a person has a parent or relative with the disease. Viral exposure can trigger the autoimmune system to affect the cell in the pancreas. symptoms that can be present during high blood sugar are polyphagia, excessive hunger due to lack of nutrition absorption. Polydipsia, excessive thirst due to frequent urination progressing into dehydration. Polyuria meaning excessive urination due to the kidneys wanting to exceed the large amounts of sugar in the body. Lack of energy due to the deficiency of nutrition needed in the body. Blurry vision and unexpected weight loss. Three diagnosis that can be used for type 1 diabetes. It can start with a FBG where they receive a blood sample early in the morning after being NPO after midnight the night before reading the sugar level on a normal scale of 70-140 mg/dl. A second

According to the American Diabetes Association, the prevalence of gestational diabetes is as high as 9.2% in pregnant women due to obesity or being overweight. Not only can it be harmful to the mother, but it can also be harmful to her baby. Gestational diabetes can increase the chances of pregnant women delivering a baby that weighs more than 9 pounds. Having gestational diabetes can also increase the mother’s chance for needing a cesarean section delivery. Some other risk factors that the mother can be a candidate for developing gestational diabetes by is having a family history of diabetes (especially if a parent or sibling has diabetes) and having gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies. Pregnant women don’t need to have had diabetes before in order to develop gestational diabetes. They can just have high blood glucose levels during pregnancy to get gestational diabetes. There is a process in which the baby has to go through inside their mother’s womb. The placenta is what supports the baby as it grows. Hormones from the placenta help the baby develop. But these hormones also block the action of the mother 's insulin in her body. This problem is called insulin resistance. Insulin resistance makes it hard for the mother 's body to use insulin. She may need up to three times as much insulin. Gestational diabetes starts when your body is not able to make and use all the insulin it needs for pregnancy. Without enough insulin, glucose

According to the American Diabetes Association, the prevalence of gestational diabetes is as high as 9.2% in pregnant women due to obesity or being overweight. Not only can it be harmful to the mother, but it can also be harmful to her baby. Gestational diabetes can increase the chances of pregnant women delivering a baby that weighs more than 9 pounds. Having gestational diabetes can also increase the mother’s chance for needing a cesarean section delivery. Some other risk factors that the mother can be a candidate for developing gestational diabetes by is having a family history of diabetes (especially if a parent or sibling has diabetes) and having gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies. Pregnant women don’t need to have had diabetes before in order to develop gestational diabetes. They can just have high blood glucose levels during pregnancy to get gestational diabetes. There is a process in which the baby has to go through inside their mother’s womb. The placenta is what supports the baby as it grows. Hormones from the placenta help the baby develop. But these hormones also block the action of the mother 's insulin in her body. This problem is called insulin resistance. Insulin resistance makes it hard for the mother 's body to use insulin. She may need up to three times as much insulin. Gestational diabetes starts when your body is not able to make and use all the insulin it needs for pregnancy. Without enough insulin, glucose cannot leave the blood and be

Diabetes mellitus, or simply diabetes, is a metabolic disorder that is marked by hyperglycemia, high blood glucose. In 2014, 29.1 million individuals in the United States, which is about 9.3% of the population, have diabetes . Among all cases of diabetes, about 90% to 95% are Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), the diabetes form generally results from defects in insulin action . Furthermore, other related complications of diabetes will afflict patients with their cardinal, ocular, renal, and nervous system dysfunction, mainly resulting from hyperglycemia .

Diabetes has “affected over 26 million Americans in the United States. Up to 95% of these cases are Type 2. In addition, 79 million American adults have a condition that increases the risk for developing diabetes called pre-diabetes” (Avera). Type 2 diabetes is mainly developed after the age of 40, but it is now increasing in younger people and children. Obesity is likely the major factor behind this dramatic growth rate. “Type 2 diabetes is more common in African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, as well as the aged population” (American Diabetes Association). As you can see, this disease is a tremendous health problem and is also a significant economic drain.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease due to the lack of insulin production by the pancreas or the inability of the body to use the insulin effectively (WHO, 2015). Diabetes kills more Americans each year than AIDS and breast cancer combined (ADA, March 2015). In 2012 it was estimated that 1.5 million deaths worldwide were caused by diabetes. In the United States, the number of adults diagnosed with diabetes has more than tripled from 1980 through 2011 (WHO, 2015). Nearly 30 million adults and children are diagnosed with diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in the United States and it has become the 7th leading cause of death for this country.

Type 1 DM is caused by autoimmune disorder where the T cell mediated disease damage the pancreatic beta cell (Huether & McCance, 2012). At the onset of the disease process, lymphocytic infiltrates of macrophage activating CD4+ cells with cytokine secreting, cytotoxic CD8+cells surround the necrotic B cells (McPhee & Hammer, 2010) (p.507). This is a gradual process that happens over several years. However, the production of glucagon increases due to the damage to the beta cells of islet

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency ,resistance or both (1).