2. (10 pts) How is text mining different than data mining?
Text mining is a process which collects information and knowledge from large amounts of unstructured data sources. When I say unstructured data sources, I am talking about Pdf files, Word documents, XML files, text excerpts etc… Text mining collects information from text. Text mining is different than data mining because data mining is a process which collects information and knowledge from large amounts of structured data sources. Structured data sources means that data are classify by categorical, ordinal, or continuous variables, and the goal of data mining is to transform data into model or understandable structure after collecting information from data. However they are
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But by doing that, NLP met some challenges in achieving true NLP capabilities.
First of all, it is difficult to mark up terms in a text as corresponding to a particular part of speech, means that some part of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. depends not only on the definitions of the terms but depend also on the context in which it is used.
Secondly, some words have different meaning and choosing the good meaning which will match with the sentence or context is a real challenge.
Thirdly some written language used words boundaries which is difficult for the text-parsing task to identify them. As example we have Japanese language, Chinese language etc. However it is a challenge also for analyzing spoken language.
Fourthly, the grammar also presents some ambiguity and it is difficult to choose the good structure.
Fifthly grammatical error, accent and vocal impediments in speech present a difficult task for the language processing. And finally the speech acts can be a challenge if the sentence does not contain enough information.
4. (10 pts) a. How is web mining different than text mining?
The definition of web mining from the book is the process to found useful information from web data, which are expressed in the form of textual, linkage, or usage information. These data that web mining collects can be beneficial for enterprise because information or data that web mining
Vocabulary used in speech or writing organizes itself in seven parts of speech… Communication composed of these parts of speech must be organized by rules of grammar upon
Secondly, range of similarities and differences are perceived in the sets of rules constraining the language structure of Auslan and English. In comparison to English, sign languages are visual languages, hence it is distinct in modality and word-ordering structure (Damian, 2011). To illustrate, the words of spoken languages are delivered in a fairly linear pattern, both in time and on paper (Bejan, 2001). This linear sentence structure is observed in English, but the same is not demonstrated in Auslan. However, despite this distinction, the order of signs remains of importance to produce meaningful sentences. This is because Auslan conveys many grammatical features found in the English language at phonological, morphological and syntactic levels (Johnston & Schembri, 2007). An individual’s poor English grammar is attributed for sentence fragments. These poorly formed English sentences occur when a sentence lacks a subject, a verb or do not express a complete thought (Schuster, 2006). In the same manner, the wrong ordering of signs will affect the fluency of the language. For instance, the linear English sentence ‘many black cars have disappeared’ will be signed as MANY-BLACK-CAR-DISAPPEAR (Johnston & Schembri, 2007). In this example, it is important that the determiner (MANY) and adjective (BLACK) are situated before the noun (CAR) (Johnston & Schembri, 2007). This is done for the purpose of identifying the noun within the sentence, which subsequently lead to the formation
3. Interpret how the structure of written English contributes to the pronunciation and meaning of complex vocabulary by increasing word understanding, word use, and word relationships.
After identifying the basic structure of a message, a critical thinker must ask, “What words or phrases are ambiguous?” (p. 40) An ambiguous word or phrase is one that has multiple possible meanings. Ambiguous words or phrases in an argument create the need for clarification of the meaning before a reader can fully evaluate the argument.
of a word. Also, the Yerkes (2011) text defines Lexicology as a study focusing on the meaning of words. Thus, we see a lexicon as an area in the human brain which stores the meaning, and all aspects, associated with a word. However, to reach the point where a lexicon may be used language must be acquired. To acquire such a skill, one must master the four levels associated with language.
This section discuss about the common traits or ideas observed in the three research topics. Although, each of the three articles discuss a unique idea, all of them are aimed at utilizing the web data to produce better results. Web data mining is a hot research topic in the current realm of big data. These papers discuss about the utilization of the valuable user generated data from the social media or the browser cookies to provide the best user experience in order to maintain the user interest in the company's product or to take effective decisions by an individual. All the three articles propose an idea to solution the problem stated, compared their results to the existing models and showed significant improvement.
Here we discuss about the common traits or ideas observed in the three research topics. Although, these three papers discuss about different ideas, they all fall under the web data mining domain. web data mining is a hot research topic in the current realm of big data. These papers discuss about the utilisation of the valuable user generated data from the social media or the the browser cookies to provide the best user experience in order to maintain the user interest in the company's product or to take effective decisions by the individual.
States problem(s) in multiple sentences. Identifies symptoms, critical factors and current state in Background discussion.
The structure of a speech can be the determining factor of whether the speech was as effective as it was intended to be. Without proper
Moreso, it is hard to understand exactly what is being said when observing the word choice for the first time. Because of this,
Each culture has its own distinct way of rendering the spoken language. The aspects that make words and their meaning distinct are as unique as the properties of language that make them arbitrary. Words are nothing more than sounds. It is up to us to connect them to their actual meaning. This system follows no specific reason for words and their relation to objects, it is the culture that appoints meaning - this is why it is arbitrary. However, even though we can say that word meanings are arbitrary; language is not.
In learning foreign language, the level of understanding is high enough to understand a message and learning brand-new terminology objects may be affected in this particular point.
In this essay I will discuss the definition of the concept grammar in linguistic science and thee attitude teachers may have towards such a conceptualization of what grammar is. I will go into detail by explaining perspective and descriptive grammar.
In order for a person to successfully teach something he/she must fully understand two things: the subject that is being taught and the intended audience. Therefore, in order for a language instructor to teach a language the instructor must understand that language’s syntax, or sentence structure, which dictates how sentences and phrases are formed out of words. In English, the basic parts of speech are called nouns, articles, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, and conjunctions. They can be further broken down into categories such as “number,” “person,” tense,” “voice,” and “gender” which need to be in agreement. Agreement refers to a grammatical connection between two parts of a sentence, such as the subject and the verb. While this is a lot for an ESL student to grasp, it facilitates the understanding of generative grammar. Generative grammar is the set of rules that dictate sentence possibilities in a language. A sentence has two structures. The first is referred to as the surface structure, and it is simply the form of the structure that is seen and heard. The second type of structure is referred to as deep structure, and it refers to an abstract level of the sentence. Deep structure represents a sentence’s most basic units of meaning, and it is created by a set of phrase structure rules. Phrase structure rules are “rewrite” rules that allow for the creation on many surface structures from one deep structure. There are also movement rules that allow for