Ischemic Stroke Case Study

Strokes are caused by a block in the blood supply to the brain which causes a decrease in oxygen and delivery of other important supplies which facilitate proper functioning. Fifteen million cases are reported worldwide annually, although not all of these cases are mortalities, the large prevalence of strokes ranks it as the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. (Figueroa) Because of the time sensitivity associated with the lack of resources to the brain, strokes are considered a medical emergency and early recognition of symptoms can help decrease the amount of damage caused . Although strokes do not always cause death, strokes most often leave the individual with some physical and cognitive impairment.

Mariam background is 60 year old lady admitted with left sided weakness and facial droop. Once confirmed stroke using the Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room (ROSIER) scale. Catangui (2015) states ROSIER scale is used to distinguish whether the patient is having a stroke or stroke mimics e.g. seizures or brain tumours. Computed tomography CT brain showed ischemic stroke. Ischaemic stroke is lack of sufficient blood supply to perfuse the brain/ cerebral tissue due to narrowing or blocked arteries in the brain (Morrison, 2014). According to Stroke Association (2015) statics shows that 1520000 strokes occur in the United Kingdom.

Strokes are commonly associated with old age, symptoms and awareness are often unnoticed in young adults due to ambiguity about strokes.

Ischemic stroke is the blockage of blood vessels in the brain as a result of blood clots (thrombi), causing the portions of the brain nourished by the vessel and its tributaries to be starved of nutrients, poisoned, and to eventually die (“Symptoms

Mrs. Alice Palmer is a 54-year old married woman who has been admitted and is being treated with an ischemic stroke which she had 18 hours ago. This paper explores the nursing care of Mrs. Alice Palmer based on the clinical reasoning cycle by considering her situation first, collecting cues and information about her, processing the information gathered, then identifying problems or issues she is experiencing, and finally carrying out a detailed assessment. Also, the paper focuses on setting goals and establishing a nursing care plan in the community, and target ethnically safe practice. Ischemic stroke occurs when the brain tissue does not receive sufficient oxygenated blood due to an obstruction of the carotid artery (Brunner, Suddarth, & Smeltzer, 2008). When the brain does not receive enough oxygenated blood, some or all of its tissues may get damaged

A stroke can be generally be defined in two types of categories. The first and most common type of stroke is called ischemic stroke. This occurs when a blood clot (cerebral thrombosis) blocks a blood vessel in the brain. Blood flow beyond the blood clot is then

Strokes are the 5th leading cause of death in the US, with one person dying every 4 minutes as a result. For African Americans, stoke is the 3rd leading cause of death.(http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm) It is estimated that About 795,000 people have a stroke each year; about one every 40 seconds - there are many medical conditions that can cause a stroke and it is estimated that 8 out of 10 strokes can be prevented. However, there are some things that cannot be controlled when you are predisposed to

Three main maps can be reconstructed from CTP data: cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT). Interpretation of the CTP maps is crucial in reversing functional damage and choosing the ideal treatment plan. Ischaemic brain tissue can be visualised in each map as regions of hypoperfusion within the brain tissue (Birenbaum et al., 2011; El-Koussy et al., 2014). Because CTP is a dynamic quantitative imaging technique, the percentage of brain damage can be calculated by measuring the mean values at the location of the same damaged tissue in the three maps. Moreover, the values for the damaged tissue are compared with those for normal tissue in the other, unaffected hemisphere. Finally, CBF is calculated by dividing CBV by MTT (Dorn et al.,

Treatment of stroke, in general and ischemic stroke specifically, in particular, is aone of the most pressing issues in both nursing and medical science today. This is due to the fact that there are very few available treatment options for the various kinds of stroke. Acute ischemic stroke carriesis a prominent medical issue with a high risk of death or morbidity (Kakma, Stofko, Binning, Liebman & Veznedaroglu, 2014). Stroke, including ischemic and other types, is recognized, further, as a one of the most prominent leading causes of disabilities (Saver et al., 2015). While cerebral infarction resulting from thrombotic occlusion of brain arteries is the most common stroke type, ischemic stroke is also quite common. Each year ischemic stroke affects over a half-million victims in the United States alone;. o Of this group, about 150,000 deaths occur, along with 300,000 victims suffering from any number of disabilities following a stroke (CITE)after the fact.

Many people don’t know that stroke is one of the most common life threatening diseases in the U.S alone. It has been estimated that about 25% of people who have had a stroke will have another in the years to come. What people don’t tend to realize is how much money strokes cost the U.S a year. In 2003, strokes cost about $52 billion dollars.

Stroke previously known as Cerebrovascular accident is well-defined as ‘an abrupt cessation of cerebral circulation in one or more of the blood vessels distributing the brain. Due to the interruption or diminish of oxygen supply causes serious damage or necrosis in the brain tissues (Jauch, Kissella & Stettler, 2005). There is a presence of one or more symptoms such as weakness or numbness or paralysis of the face, arm or leg, difficulty speaking or swallowing, dizziness, loss of balance, loss of vision, sudden blurring or decreased vision in one or both eyes and headache. Stoke is categorised into two types, Ischaemic and haemorrhagic

The most common cause of a stroke is by a blocked artery, or ischemic stroke. Ischemic strokes account for 85% of CVA’s. (Stroke, Symptoms and Causes, 2017) There are two types of ischemic strokes. A Thrombotic stroke is when a blood clot forms in an artery of the brain this may be caused by atherosclerosis. (Stroke, Symptoms and Causes, 2017). Atherosclerosis is when lipids such as calcium and cholesterol is built up within the lumen of a blood vessel. Which can lead to the formation of thrombi and eventually the formation of emboli. (loffelur & Hart, 2015) An embolic stroke is when an embolus breaks free from a thrombus and lodges in the arteries of the brain. Both type of ischemic strokes stop the delivery of oxygen to the affected area of the brain. (Stroke, Symptoms and Causes,

Brain foundation 2011, A-Z of disorders, Stroke, Brain Foundation, Sydney, viewed 30 June 2011, .

Stroke is seen as a major health concern and this is due to the fact that every year, as many as 110,000 individuals suffers from strokes making it a key issue. (NHS 2014)

A stroke caused by a blocked artery by a blood clot or bursting of a blood vessel because of uncontrolled high blood pressure. There are main three types of the stroke. An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks one of the arteries which supply blood to brain. A clot may be caused by fatty deposits (plaque) that build up in arteries and cause reduced blood flow (atherosclerosis) or other artery conditions. (mayo clinic). About 89%, strokes are ischemic strokes. Ischemic stroke includes thrombotic stroke. A thrombotic stroke occurs when a thrombus stuck in one of the arteries that supply blood to the brain. A clot build-up of fatty deposits in arteries. Another type of stroke is called the hemorrhagic stroke. This stroke occurs when a blood vessel leaks or ruptures in the brain. A bold vessel leaks or ruptures from many conditions like uncontrolled high blood pressure or overtreatment with anticoagulants and the weak spot in blood vessel walls. (mayo). Some people experience a mini-stroke it is known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA). A temporary decrease or clot stuck in a vessel in our brain causes TIA. It happens less than five minutes. This stroke does not have any symptom, because the blockage is