Isolation And Identification Of Seed Borne Fungi

There were two types of plants used. Both were of the same species, Brassica rapa but two of the plants contained rosette shaped complexes that were deficient in producing gibberellic acid compared to the wild-type plants. Therefore, they grew smaller and shorter as a phenotype. The Brassicaceae family includes cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, and many others. (

Magnoliopsida class, Fabales family and Phaseolus genus. Kidney beans were originated from Peru with other beans like white beans, black beans, navy beans etc. They’re part of a larger group called “common beans,” which were cultivated as early as 8,000 years ago. Common beans were spread by migrating tribes and served as an important protein source in the diets of the Indians of the Americas (2012). There are many factors that affect the growth of kidney beans which can be the reason why kidney beans are not found in many regions. According to HMS some factors that affect the germination of seeds of kidney beans are a) moisture- it can rupture the growth of seeds; b) air- oxygen is needed in larger amount to germinate the seeds. If soil condition is too wet than still seeds will not germinate so we need to take care that there is not too much of air or too less of air; c) temperature- Germination takes place over a wide range of temperature and it is specific to every crop. Kidney beans prefer the temperature to

For many years the identification of microorganisms has been important in the world of medicine. It is essential or correct disease diagnosis in patients and for proper treatment. Knowing the correct identity and characteristics of microorganism is crucial when disease outbreaks occur in populations, also knowing how humans can benefit from microorganisms is important; many can be used in making certain foods or antibiotics.

Today in medicine doctors are rapidly isolating and distinguishing the many pathogenic microbes encountered daily within the environment. Public health has been affected from the faster identification of microorganisms by delivering an accurate analysis to patients in order to receive treatment of the disease in a timely manner. Due to the growing understanding of these organisms more have been easier to indicate to improve water quality. Also more methods have been developed for better treatment options from fecal bacteria in public water systems. Scientist has developed such specific methods of identifying the unknown organism to tell if the contamination has come from either a human, bird, or mammal. (Achtman et al., 2008)

The objective of the investigation was to perform multiple experiments that would lead to the identification of an unknown bacteria. This bacteria was causing a urinary tract infection on a patient. A sample of the bacteria causing the infection was received and analyzed. The first step was to isolate the bacteria to insure that sample was free of contamination. A MAC plate, a PEA plate, along with a Nutrient agar plate where used to produce pure colonies by using the quadrant streak method on each plate. After a 24 hour incubation period the colonies where isolated. The bacteria collected was inoculated into slants, nutrient broth for cultivation. A sample from the MAC plate and the PEA plate were collected and gram

First, before starting my experiment I did some research on the growth of lima beans, so that I could start the base of the project. According to research done at the University of

No antibacterial compounds are available resistant to this disease but genetic engineering has developed the first trees to resist this devastating disease and increased the consumption level. Specific foods have been developed to correct malnutrition problems. To this end, plants have been modified to provide increased and more stable quantities of essential amino acids, vitamins, or desirable fatty acids. For example, golden rice has been genetically modified to increase beta-carotene content which may help to overcome the severe vitamin A deficiencies that cause blindness and iron. Plants can also be genetically modified to grow well in areas of low production potential. For example, two researchers in Mexico inserted a gene from a bacterium into papaya and tobacco to produce acid-tolerant crops. The crops thus secrete citric acid from their roots by combining with toxic metals which in turn making the soils accessible to protect the tropical forests which contain most of the world’s species of plants and animals. Genetic engineering also helps to decrease or eliminate the allergenic proteins that occur naturally. For example, it has been already used to reduce the levels of major allergen in rice and peanuts. Genetic engineering brings closer the prospect of commercial production in plants of edible vaccines and therapeutics for preventing and treating human diseases like cancer and diabetes. The genetically derived vaccines are potentially

The purpose of this lab was to identify an unknown microorganism using lab techniques. The importance of identifying microorganisms is essential to the survival of humans, expansion of modern day medicine and improvement of quality of life. In 1884, Hans Christian Gram designed a differential staining technique to identify bacteria that would change the future of microbiology. He give rise to a staining process, known as the Gram stain to differentiate microorganisms into two groups between positive and negative gram staining microorganisms. The Gram stain is essential in a lab technique as it distinguishes the cells based on the physical properties of the individual cell walls, and is almost always the first test preformed to differentiate a microorganism. The identification of weather a microorganism is gram positive or negative can revel the bacteria’s virulence, cell wall structure, resistance to antibiotics, resistance to physical disruptions and so much more. In order to identify the unknown provided, unknown #27, the Gram stain was the first test preformed. After discovering that the unknown bacterium was indefinitely a gram positive microorganism, the vast possibilities were narrowed down. However, In order to more definitively identify the unknown, the next step was to preform biochemical tests. A biochemical test identifies metabolic

Identifying microorganisms can provide information on diagnosing diseases and discovering the most beneficial treatment possible. The purpose of this assignment was to identify an unknown microorganism using biochemical tests and various methods that were practiced in the microbiology laboratory. In this paper, I will discuss the processes of how I came to identify my unknown microorganism.

The identification of bacteria is important in studies related to diseases. Identifying how bacteria responds to certain biochemical tests can give the experimenter valuable information such as the metabolic activity and morphology of an unknown bacteria. With this information, the scientific community can identify a bacterium and respond appropriately to disease outbreaks This information also helps doctors provide the appropriate diagnosis for patients afflicted with a bacterial disease.

This experiment was about identifying the unknown microorganism given by the instructor. This exercise is important to understand and apply all previous laboratory practices, as well as those learned in our first unknown exercise, for identifying the given unknown organism. With the knowledge and practice of performing biochemical and physiological identifying tests, I was able to determine the unknown bacteria. For this experiment, I was given Unknown #12 and used a series of tests to determine the specimen, further explained in this report.

Until recently the only way to confirm the presence of the pathogen was a bioassay. In the bioassay plants are grown in soil that is thought to be contaminated for 5-6 weeks then the plant is harvested and examined for the formation of root galls. Other detection methods include examination of root hairs and fluorochrome staining of resting spores. The methods above are time consuming. A PCR technique was developed in western canada in 2007 that can detect the pathogen in plant tissue or in the soil. This technique has made it into commercial use. Unfortunately the techinique can only detect the presence of the pathogen not the amount of innoculum that is present in the soil. Detection with quantitative PCR appears to hold the most promise. A method has been developed that can quantify resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae. (Hwang S.F., Strelkov S.E., Feng J., Gossen B.D., Howard R.J. 2012) Growers should scout Canola for gall formation approximately 2 weeks before swathing and then send any tissue that appears to be problematic in to a lab for testing. (Industry

Although C. dentata is not resistant to an infection by the blight fungus, it is not entirely defenseless. One attempt at warding off C. parasitica is the growth of callus encircling the fungi’s mycelium to prevent its spread (cite). This may or may not work, in either case the fungi will spread to another site on the tree via sporulation. A second barrier to blight infection is the chestnut’s relatively high levels of tannic acid(s) in the cambium (cite). However, as will be discussed later, tannic acids may benefit the blight. The most promising method for increasing C. denata’s blight resistance is The American Chestnut Foundation’s breeding program. To give the chestnut the advantage in its battle with its evolutionary foe, it is necessary to study the factors that make C.

Forage legumes can be defined as “monocarpellary fruit that contain only a single row of seed and dehisces along both structure and ribs”. Legumes are the member of plant family Fabaceae but in the past legumes belongs to leguminosae. There leaves are trifoliate in nature and have tape root system. Legumes are grown generally in agriculture for the food grain that are edible in nature like pulses, beans, pea, lentil, soya bean about 500 genera and 1100 species ‘of legumes are known. Legumes associated with nitrogen fixing bacteria that have ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. This nitrogen makes the plant seed full of protein and carbohydrates which are rich component

Furthermore, 5 DAT the inoculated larvae of both the treatments Beauveria coated groundnuts seeds and non-coated controls were collected, and was surface sterilized. Each larva collected was cut into two pieces and was inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium to check fungal emergence from each insect larval piece and to determine colonization percent of B. bassiana on H. zea. in both control and Beauveria treatments. The fungus obtained from the treatments was confirmed by obtaining pure cultures from the insect pieces, and the culture obtained was confirmed by observation of cultural characteristic and microscopic observation of conidia (fig