Isolation, Examination, And Identification Of Gram Negative Pathogenic Bacteria

The Unknown Bacteria 36/Bacteria # 2 on a TSA plate was examined by the naked eye and under a dissecting microscope. Bacteria # 2 was approximately 3 - 4 mm in diameter. They were circular in form with an entire margin and a flat elevation. The colonies were rough (granular), translucent, and white brownish color with black granules. The Gram stain resulted in a Gram negative rod. After the Gram stain was completed, the bacteria were streaked on an Eosin -Methylene Blue Agar plate and an Enterotube II was inoculated.

Bacteria are ubiquitous; they can be found on the skin, in the soil, and inside the body. Because of the very nature of this ubiquity, it is important to be able to determine between different strains of bacteria. An example of this is determining the causative agent for a disease so that the patient will be treated with the appropriate antibiotics. It may be important to determine the bacteria in a certain region, because like with enteric bacteria, it is normal to find them in the digestive tract as they are in a symbiotic relationship with our bodies in this area; however, they also cause opportunistic infections in places outside of the digestive tract to our detriment, such as with a urinary tract infection. Some strains of bacteria are common to nosocomial infections, and identifying these bacteria as such helps create the guidelines for healthcare workers in antiseptic technique. All of the morphology and characteristics of each strain of bacteria help us to better understand the role of bacteria in the body as well as helps us understand how they can cause illness, and what treatment regimen to set in place. In lab this semester, a sample of unknown

A sample of the patients bacteria causing the urinary tract infection can only be used if a urine sample is bacteriologically viable (1 Radar). Infected urine and sterile urine are common samples used for the diagnosis of patients (1 Radar). It is important to gain further knowledge of multiple organisms’ resistance to antibiotics that cause urinary tract infections (1Radar). Escherichia coli has distinct characteristics and structures that help identify their unique properties (2 Johnson). Escherichia coli is the most common and most prevalent bacteria present in the fecal flora of the human colon (2 Johnson). Because of Escherichia coli unique ability to overcome the obstacles of a new environment, it makes easy for bacteria to spread into the urinary tract and produce a discomforting infection (2 Johnson). All research conducted lead to the belief that Escherichia coli was the Enterobacteriaceae pathogen causing the UTI in the patient. In order to confirm this prediction a set of differential tests and biochemical test must be conducted.

Most urinary tract infections are primarily caused by bacteria that live in the bowel region of the body. The bacterium Escherichia coli, commonly referred to as “E. coli”, causes most UTIs. The urinary tract has several systems to prevent infection. The points where the ureters attach to the bladder act as only one way valves to prevent urine from moving back up toward the kidneys. Urination is intended to wash microbes and any infectious bacteria out of the body. In males, the prostate gland produces secretions that slow down bacterial growth in the urinary tract. In both woman and men, immune defenses try to prevent infections, but despite these safety procedures put in place by the body, infections still do occur in some individuals.

Coli bacteria. In adjustment for an infection to occur, the E. Coli bacilli has to attach itself to the beef lining the float or the urethra (the tube that carries the urine out of the body). The ache of E. Coli that has been the a lot of acknowledged at causing a urinary amplitude infection has developed a circuitous set of adhering molecules that act like tiny assimilation cups to attach themselves to the tissue of the urinary tract. Once those adhering molecules become absorbed to the tissue of the urinary tract, they anon alpha to reproduce. This causes affliction and the archetypal affection of an infection like burning, aching urination, and a faculty of coercion to urinate. If the infection spreads to the kidneys, it can could could cause added problems like lower aback pain, fever, and

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the most common bacterial infection. Nevertheless, it is difficult to accurately assess the incidence of UTIs, because they are not reportable diseases. This situation is further complicated by the fact that accurate diagnosis depends on both the presence of symptoms and a positive urine culture, although in most outpatient settings this diagnosis is made without the benefit of culture.

Lehne (2013) continues by stating that in nosocomial caused cystitis E. coli makes up only 50 percent of UTI’s. In hospital settings more common gram negative causative agents of cystitis are Pseudomonas, Proteus or Klebsiella pneumoniae. There is also a gram positive agent named Staphylococcus saprophyticus that makes up 10 to 15 percent of nosocomial UTI’s.

Bacteriuria occurs commonly in pregnancy, typically during early pregnancy. Without treatment, as many as 30 to 40 percent of pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria will develop a symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI). Other organisms responsible for infection included Klebsiella and Enterobacter species (3 percent each), Proteus (2 percent), and gram-positive organisms, including group B Streptococcus (10 percent).The smooth muscle relaxation and subsequent ureteral dilatation that occurs in pregnancy are thought to facilitate the ascent of bacteria from the bladder to the kidney, accounting for the greater risk of pyelonephritis. Additionally, untreated

Up to 50% of women get UTIs because the urethra, which transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body, is located close to the anus. When bacteria from the large intestine such as E. coli exits the anus, it can easily invade the urethra and travel to the bladder and kidneys causing a UTI. Women with shorter urethras are more susceptible to getting a UTI, and sexual activity can cause a UTI.

P. mirabilis is commonly associated with urinary tract infections. The infection begins when the organism moves from urethra to the urinary bladder. Urinary tract infections caused by P. mirabilis are mostly found in patients under long-term catherization. Other groups of patients that are at high risks of the diseases include; those patients with structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, patients with recurrent infections and patients whose infections were acquired in the hospital or long-term care facilities.

A urinary tract infection is characterized by the inflammation of the epithelium that is usually caused by bacteria from gut flora. The urethra runs from the outside of the body to the inferior side of the bladder. In females, the urethra is extremely short, usually 3 to 4 cm in length. While on the other hand, the male urethra is longer, usually 18 to 20 cm in length. The male urethra is also composed of three segments, the prostatic, membranous, and cavernous urethra. Due to the short length of the female urethra, the bacteria has a shorter distance to travel to reach the bladder, giving it easier access. This reason alone is the main cause of the higher incidence of urinary tract infections in females. Due to the fact men’s urethras

Different microbes that infect the lower and upper urinary tracts cause a urinary tract infection. Depending on where the infection develops the severity varies. If a patient is experiencing discomfort while urinating such as burning, lower abdominal cramping, constant need to urinate, incontinence, nocturia, or feeling generally unwell and achy, they may be experiencing a lower UTI (Robinson, 2013). Despite all these symptoms, some patient’s may not experience any. A lower UTI involves the bladder and urethra (McIntosh, 2014). E. Coli, also known as Esherichia coli, lives in the bowel and anus. The bacteria E. coli causes 90% of urinary tract infections (Balentine, 2015, para.2). It is because the urethra and anus are positioned so close together on the female that wiping from back to front can pull the bacteria from the anus into the urethra, infecting the area (Karriem-Norwood,

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common extraintestinal infectious disease entity in women worldwide, and perhaps one of the most formidable challenges in clinical practice given its high prevalence, frequent recurrence, and myriad associated morbidities in the setting of rapidly evolving antimicrobial resistance. Achieving timely symptom relief and infection control and preventing morbidity, growth of resistant organisms, and recurrent infection are often difficult. This article reviews epidemiology and pathogenesis of urinary tract infection in women; characterizes common patterns of infection, clinical red flags, and appropriate laboratory testing and imaging; explores emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance; and reviews the

Cystitis is “inflammation of the bladder (lower urinary tract) and is the most common site of UTI”(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 1350). E. coli is the most common pathogen of UTI’s and occurs more common in women due to the shorter urethra and the proximity of the urethra to the vagina and anus. The patient can be asymptomatic or experience urinary frequency, urgency, and discomfort. The presence of white cells in the urinalysis is indicative of infection and the urine culture can identify the bacteria.

This condition is caused by an increase in bacteria in the urine. This increase can be caused by: