Issues in Access to Information and Privacy Protection

As the nature of conflict has changed from that of interstate conflict to transnational attacks, the world must discuss how to effectively combat terrorism in a way that minimizes harm. Throughout the following paper, I will summarize four contrasting responses to terrorism, included in a document adapted from Terrorism: How Should We Respond, of the Choices Program at the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University. I will then discuss why I believe Canada’s most effective response to terrorism would be a unique combination of Options Two and Four. I believe that Canada should embrace relations with the international community, and seek solutions to terrorism as a global issue. This response would satisfy

If there is nothing done about cyber hacking, money, and important resources will be stolen from innocent people trying to live a successful life. “Cyber-crime units exist within local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) plays a critical role investigating crimes committed through the Internet” (Dingwell).

The “War on Terror” is a term used to describe the military action taken by America and Canada after the events of September 11, 2001. This phrase is symbolic of the justification of acts that varied in legality and morality as a means to safe guard the security of the nation. These actions were perceived as necessary, top priority and essential but in actuality striped individuals of their rights, were unconstitutional and based not of factual information but racism and bigotry. The justifying of such intrusive acts in the name of protecting the nation is not a new phenomenon but can be dated back to the mid nineteen hundreds and is still used today. Canada prides itself as a multi-cultural, open and accepting nation. However, the presence

Canada’s counter-terrorism strategy is failing. From the 2014 attack on Parliament hill to the January massacre at the Quebec city mosque, it is clear that terrorism is an imminent threat, both to Canada and to the world. Backlash against Western culture provides ammunition to extremist Islamic groups globally, which is only exacerbated by the West’s disproportionate military responses to legitimate and perceived threats through drone strikes or other military operations. Anger towards domestic policy decisions fuels far-right white supremacists, and government’s unwillingness to label the violence perpetrated by these groups as terrorism only provides them with impunity. The lack of lack of multilateralism and international

Terrorism is an undoubtedly real concept that has left its mark on the 21st century in quite a profound way. That being said the topic of terrorism is both one of reality and conspiracy, not to debate the merits of its authenticity but rather the way in which governments respond to such unforeseen attacks. Many theorists have argued that the so-called war on terrorism is simply a political ruse; a political tactic used by western democracies to justify their engagement in ulterior motives abroad. When the Bush administration declared a universal “war on terrorism” after the events of 9/11 occurred, the entire approach of the western world towards the subject altered. Harsher laws, stricter security regulations and calculated conventional warfare tactics became priority. To engage in the discussion of whether the war on terror is in fact winnable is an extremely subjective argument, since it cannot be eradicated in a purely conventional sense, as small victories ensue but the overall war rages on. Terrorism is an unfortunate and undeniable reality that Canada has come to comprehend, the west is no longer a safe haven isolated from the reaches of radicalism. Canada not being a nation completely immune from the influences of terrorism has had to respond to threats by implementing additional criminal laws and policies to ensure the preservation of peace and security both domestically and abroad. Subsequently, with Canada being a nation built on the rule of law it is extremely

The internet has brought upon a new revolution of global interconnection where contacting someone on the other side of the world is just a click away, but with this international phenomenon comes an increased susceptibility with unfamiliar technology. Internet crime is compiled of all non-physical crime with the aid of a computer. Although broad in definition internet crimes are largely composed of acts such as cyber fraud, ‘phishing’ (username and password hacking), cyber stalking and hacking. Internet crime does not pose an overwhelming issue in society in terms of its

1. An audit by Russ Jones’ office claimed 56% of government web applications viewed are not sufficiently protected. Mr Jones gave four recommendations to ensure government cyber security vulnerabilities are overseen (“B.C audit-general warns of cyber threats” 2014). Further, a new strain of computer malware has compromised roughly 700 credit cards in Canada. The viral code JackPOS has infected point-of-sales terminals identical to that which happened to the victims of Target and White Lodging hotel. 400 cards in Vancouver and 280 cards from Longueil were breached through remote access by hackers (“Hundreds of Canadian credit cards hacked by infected terminals, firm warns” 2014). Further, the Moscow-based Kaspersky lab along with Apple and other firms have shut down some of the cyber spying websites. This operation is subbed “The Mask” and has discovered that more countries are adopting the method of Internet spying (“Researcher

In the last few years Canada has become highly involved with the treat of international terrorism, and has also become a hide out for international terrorists ploting against other states around the globe.

Canada has a lengthy list of terrorism attacks throughout history, most recently on September 30th, 2017 when Abdulahi Sharif stabbed a police officer and ran over 4 pedestrians, who are all still luckily alive. On October

Throughout time, privacy and security have been two heavily debated topics. There has always been a struggle to find middle ground between a private environment and a secure environment, but the dawn of technology and the Internet has made this struggle even more difficult. The Internet has drastically decreased the expectation of privacy of any and all individuals that have ever used it. Technology in general can pose a threat to an individual’s physical and virtual security. The Internet has also brought forth a sense of anonymity to those looking to conceal their true identities, some of which plan to commit horrific crimes. Privacy and security go hand in hand, however security is by far the most important.

Internet privacy is the security of a user’s personal data that is stored or published on the internet. The internet is an important part of every individual’s daily life. In today’s society, the internet is used by many different people for many reasons. It can be used for research, communication, and purchasing items. Without the internet, many things that are completed during the course of a day would be impossible or take time to complete. As people use the internet, everything is stored in a database that tracks and keeps any personal information that is entered by users. As users continue to use the internet to complete important tasks such as purchasing items and paying bills, their privacy and security become at risk. Although the internet can be seen to have a positive impact on society, it does have a negative impact. Since the internet can be accessed by anybody it can cause a lot of damage. Examples of internet risk include identity thieves, phasing, and scams. Due to things such as online shopping, banking and other e-commerce options, personal information is stored in the internet enabling many cybercrimes to occur. Cybercrimes are very similar to any regular crime; the crime just happens to take place on websites for criminals to hack and steal user’s information for their own personal benefit. Cybercriminals tend to attack users based on their emails, social media accounts, and web history because the most history about an individual is stored in those sites.

The sheer availability of information and the ease of access to such information to even the most novice computer user is helping fuel the growth of this type of cybercrime. There are some ways to protect ourselves and our families.

However, after the passage of surveillance act and later laws, citizens have not been given the same protection with regards to electronic surveillance. As there have been massive changes in technology and lifestyle since the 1970s, electronic surveillance could be considered much more invasive than a physical search, yet as has been made clear in the legal section of this website, it is in fact much easier for government agents to perform surveillance. Why there is such disparity between these standards to us a matter of serious concern. The Canadian counterpart to the NSA is the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC).

Cybercrime has become a fast growing concern for the 21st century as businesses, institutions and individuals grow into an interconnected web of computer networks. Online business transactions, along with the sharing of personal information, are vulnerable to a host of disasters that can reap economic and social havoc. Some sources say that today, cybercrime costs more than $1.0 trillion to society--Global Industry Analysts, Inc. forecasted the world cyber security market to reach $80 billion by 2017 (Gale, 2011).

“In the long, twilight struggle against Communism, we had been reminded that the very liberties that we sought to preserve could not be sacrificed at the altar of national security “ (“Obama’s Speech On…” 1). One of these very civil liberties, recently recognized by the United Nations, is the “right to privacy in the digital age”. Although the actions of the United Nations are not legally binding, it is evident that the right to Internet privacy is becoming increasingly important in the international world. Breaches in Internet privacy have become commonplace as Social Security and credit card numbers are stolen along with passwords to bank accounts and social media sites. Breaches in Internet privacy have become especially problematic in