It Must Be a Bad Year for My Allergies (PBL)
1. Based on the examination of the patient, a secondary pathology resulting from primary pathology is evident. The primary pathology is Lung Cancer and the secondary pathology is Superior Vena Cava Syndrome.
2. A chest X-ray and CT scan result demonstrated a cavitation of the right lower pulmonary lobe. This result alone along with Bob’s history of smoking is a big red flag related to lung cancer. Bob’s history reveals that he has been smoking a ½ pack or more per day for 37 years. According to a study done on the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of lung cancer, habitual smokers have the highest risk of developing cancer of the lung than any other cancer (Herth, Eberhardt, Ernst, 2006). The study also concludes that a related association with lung cancer is swelling of the tissue, lung tumors and/cavitation, lymph in the bronchioles, and paratracheal areas. The swelling can lead to an obstructed airway, which matches Bob’s symptoms as well. Chest pain, stridor, and chest pain are all indications of complications in the respiratory system. The secondary pathology is the pathology caused by the primary. With the cavitation of the lung, swelling of tissues, and lymph nodes surrounding the chest cavity, this can put pressure on the heart, veins, and arteries. Bob displays symptoms of the upper limb, headache, congestion in the nasal passages and hoarseness. These are symptoms as a result of damaging blood flow to the upper body.
If you’re a person who has to endure all the frustrating side effects of seasonal allergies, you know too well that it can get annoying. Sometimes people avoid going outdoors in fear of being affected by the budding trees, grasses, and pollen – yes, it can get really miserable.
History of Present Illness: Mr. Olson is a very pleasant 57-year-old gentleman with multiple medical problems to include severe COPD, who is here today for an initial consultation for his shortness of breath. He is followed by a pulmonologist Dr. William Goodman, at the Veteran Affairs Administration. His last evaluation there was in February 2015. Mr. Olson states he has had ongoing dyspnea on exertion over the last two years. He complains of minimal cough. He does note some sinus problems for which he is on Flovent. In the past, he has had pulmonary function testing that did demonstrate reversible airflow obstruction, therefore he likely has some component of asthma overlay. He states that occasionally has chest tightness and chest heaviness. He has gained about 25 pounds over the last year. He is currently using Spiriva, albuterol as needed as well as Symbicort. He is also using supplemental oxygen at 2.5L per minute at night as well as on an as needed basis during the day. Mr. Olson admits to continued tobacco use with about a half pack to a pack a day. He states that when he is feeling depressed, he will smoke more.
A recent doctor 's visit reveals that Mr. Amos has stage 3 lung cancer, characterized by his symptoms of nagging chest pain, fatigue, coughing up blood, substantial weight loss, and increased carbon dioxide levels in his blood. The doctor informed Mr. Amos that had he quit his smoking habit several years ago, he would have reduced his risk for developing lung cancer later in life. Mr. Amos immediately begins treatment for the lung cancer that has metastasized to his lymph nodes.
The patient is 72 year old female who smokes. She complains of extreme fluid retention in lower two limbs and lower abdomen. Breathing is difficult and she is only able to sleep while sitting erect in a reclining chair.
Pt received AP diameter X-ray to confirm tube placement and to see if there were any kind of infiltrates because of possible aspiration and to eliminate possible pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Findings included mild patchy infiltrates in the right upper to middle lobes. The left lower lobe also has some similar findings but less concerning. This may either be due to lung infection or pulmonary
This patient present to the hospital with dyspnea on exertion, dizziness, and pulmonary hypertension. She is a former smoker; she quit the habit in 1980. She underwent a chest CT which showed 4 nodules. There was an 8 mm nodule in the right lower lobe, a 4 mm nodule in the left lower lobe, a 4 mm one in the right middle lobe, and a 4 mm in the left upper lobe. The patient had also already had a right middle lobe wedge resection where a 3.2 centimeter atypical carcinoid was found. A wedge resection is when a triangular shaped slice of tissue is removed. Usually a tumor is taken, and a small amount of normal tissue around it.
Respiratory: Patient denies having history of lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, or tuberculosis. She also denies having chest pain with breathing, wheezing or noise breathing, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, sputum, toxin or pollution exposure. Patient states that she had common cold with some productive cough for about a week last month. Also, patient states that occasionally she experiences shortness of breath when she runs for more than 40 minutes. Patient states that her last chest x-ray was 1 years ago, and the results were negative.
The patient is six years old suffering from coughing , that means it’s a respiratory system related illness (lungs) smoking is ruled out that only leave few symptoms because he’s a child its either Asthma , Allergic reaction or Emphysema.
no connections with cause lung cancer. The next part of the body to check is Circulatory system,
Don was seen today for his six-month interval scan to reassess his 5mm pulmonary nodules. Reassuringly, on the scan the nodules are stable, but the scan has shown the unexpected finding of some right upper lobe consolidation. Don has certainly bee symptomatic with this and three weeks ago had two days of a very high fever. Once the fever broke he has had a dry cough ever since then. Of note, this has never been productive. He does recall some viral symptoms preceding his high fevers and has had exposure to his grandkids. He is still quite troubled by the cough and of note, has not had any return of his sinus symptoms with post-nasal drip or any symptoms of GORD.
CBC: Hgb 14.4; Hct 42.1; WBC 0.4(L);RBC 4.59, Aterial blood gas: FI02 .44; pH of 7.38, PO2 97, PCO2 31 and HCO3 21.3 showed hypoxemia persisting and slightly alkaline, with decreased pCO2 of 31, suggesting some level of hyperventilation. EKG revealed sinus tachycardia and no specific S-T-T wave. CXR revealed bibasilar alteletasis. No pneumothorax or significant pleural effusion. The patient had initially been started on a bi-nasal cannula on 6L/min, but patient was not able to get O2 up so physician ordered a Bipap. While the patient
Bartle, J. and J. Emberlin, Understanding the main causes of hayfever. Practice Nursing, 2011. 22(5): p. 231-235.
History of Present Illness: Ms. Dall is a very pleasant woman who has a very extensive smoking history. She has obtained an initial CT scan, which showed a right upper lobe pulmonary nodule. She has subsequent PET scan and she is here today for followup of those results as well as pulmonary function testing. She continues to smoke about a pack a day and is not willing to quit at this point.
A review of the medical records indicates that he has adenocarcinoma of the lung. He is on chemotherapy- oral Gilotrif. He is followed by Dr. Wertheim for oncology, which he saw last week. He is schedule to have a PET scan next week.
It can also show patchy infiltrates or enlargement of the hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes. Severe cases may show bilateral diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates, small or diffuse pulmonary nodules. CT may show diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates. In severe disease, upper lobe infiltrates and cavities may be present along with extensive fibrosis of the lower lung fields.1,2,4,8