It’s not completely understood what the future holds for those who underwent this procedure but so

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease that mainly affects the apex of the heart and does not cause any obstruction. [1] These abnormalities in the heart muscle can cause a wide variety of symptoms. As the heart becomes stiff it increases the pressure in the left ventricle which can push blood back into the lungs, causing shortness of breath in exercise. Chest pain can occur as there is not enough oxygen available to the cardiac muscle due to insufficient blood supply. Palpitations and lightheadedness, along with other conditions can occur as a result of HCM. In addition to these discomforting symptoms, the patient may develop an arrhythmias that often goes unnoticed. An arrhythmia takes place as the electrical conduction of the heart is disturbed by the abnormal scattering of myocytes. The two most common arrhythmias are atrial fibrillation causing palpitations, and ventricular tachycardia that can be life threatening causing sudden death. Both conditions can be controlled with medication. [4]

Medical involvement included pharmacological intervention. An infusion of Sotalol 40mg was administered intravenously at approx 0930 over thirty minutes with continuous cardiac monitoring. Sotalol, an antiarrhythmic drug, depresses the sinus heart rate, decreases atrioventricular conduction, decreases cardiac output and decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Bryant, Knights, & Salerno, 2003). As the patient was already hemodynamically compromised, a bolus of fluid (Gelofusion 500mls) was administered prior to the Sotalol infusion. The aim was to increase the circulating volume and raise blood pressure. Vital signs remained stable during the infusion, however the heart rate was neither converted to sinus rhythm or reduced to a normal rate.

At this point, we do not know exactly what are the settings, we have previous requested pacemaker operative report from Regions. Unfortunately, from what he is telling today, his date of the birth was not correct as such dose report were not same. He noted that he thinks he came back from the hospital, he has not had similar complaint or concern or report of chest pain. It should be noted that hospital records, with a troponin that was negative, 12-lead EKG was similar to the one that was obtained here, essentially identifying sinus bradycardia with first-degree AV block, left ventricular hypertrophy with repolarization abnormality. QT was prolonged, similar EKG obtained at facility also identified pretty much the same abnormality pattern. Troponin was negative. Other workup included chest x-ray in the hospital were all unremarkable. Today he is not reporting any chest pain, no shortness of breath, no nausea or emesis. He has got healed ____ scar to the left chest from pacemaker implantation which is completely healed but slightly

For both Atrial and Ventricular septal defect the size of the opening or hole affects how severe the child’s

(Mayo Clinic, 2013) Some surgical procedures used to treat CAD are angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery. (Mayo Clinic, 2013) The angioplasty surgery is when your doctor inserts a catheter to the blockage in the artery and threads the wire through the narrowed arteries. (Opening blocked coronary arteries: New questions about the old answer, nd., p.2) Once the balloon is in place, at the sight of the blockage, the balloon inflates which causes the plaque to crack and the artery to become free from blockage. (Opening blocked coronary arteries: New questions about the old answer, nd., p.2) The other surgical opinion for CAD is coronary artery bypass surgery is a procedure done by a doctor using a graft. (Mayo Clinic, 2013) The doctor will construct a graft to direct the blood flow around the blockage using existing blood vessels in the body. (Mayo Clinic, 2013) Due to the fact that this procedure requires open heart surgery, it is usually used for patients with several partial or full blockages. (Mayo Clinic, 2013)

Keziah is a 4 month old female with hx of complete AVC s/p surgical repair on 10/03/17. She is currently in heomdynamically stable junctional ectopic tachycardiac which is commonly enocuntered problem in the first few days after cardiac surgery.

If this were to happen over a long period of time it can lead to an overall decreased cardiac output. Aside from the decreased cardiac output, a potential for blood clots is now present since there is pooling in the atria chambers (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Stress, surgery, lung disease, and hypertension, are just a few concerns that can lead to atrial fibrillation (Cleveland Clinic, 2014) Atrial Fibrillation is divided into three categories: Paroxysmal, which is where heart beat becomes irregular all of a sudden and then corrects itself quickly; Persistent, where the irregular heart rate occurs for more than a week, and either clears up on its own or with treatment; and Permanent, which is where a normal heart rhythm cannot be reestablished with treatment (Cleveland Clinic, 2014). Symptoms of atrial fibrillation can vary depending on the person, and the severity of the dysrhythmia. Because decreased cardiac output over a period of time is something to worry about, it is important to assess the patient for fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, anxiety, syncope, palpitations, chest pain, and hypotension. Some patients are even asymptomatic (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013).

Other work has suggested lesser cardiac

This abnormality causes the aorta to arise from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery to arise from the left ventricle, which is opposite if normal anatomy.2 Patients may also present with narrowing of the pulmonary artery, hypertrophy of the right ventricle and atrophy of the left ventricle. TGA causes decreased oxygen supply to the body because deoxygenated blood from the right ventricles never reaches the lungs to be re-oxygenated. Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle does go to the lungs but is in a closed system so never pumps through the body, thus causing cyanosis, shortness of breath and decreased feeding in patients.4,5 In some patients a bidirectional shunt is present allowing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, however patients with no shunt will need surgical intervention in order to alleviate

Most of the heart leaked ASD close themselves during childhood. And if it does not close, a few small ASD does not cause a problem and may not require any treatment. But in the end the persistent need ASD surgery is to be corrected.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze if there is any improvement, post-operative complications, mortality and related factors of elderly undergoing cardiac surgery. The debate whether or not we are pushing the limits is still questionable because of the complications associated with these invasive surgeries and whether or not if it’s a money game. The growing numbers of the elderly patients enjoy a prescription drug benefit, access to artificial knee and hip surgery, and life-saving cardiovascular interventions that were undreamed of a half-century ago.

There are countless scenarios throughout this series that are similar to what takes place every day in a hospital and what the doctors and nurses see on a daily basis. Grey’s Anatomy benefits its viewers through realistic portrayals. Multiple surgeries have performed on the show that are consistent with literature. This could be a medium for medication students to review their content of interest or for those who are considering joining the medical field. Coronary bypass is one of many surgeries that is often completed on this show. During this procedure blood is diverted around a section of a blocked artery in the heart to restores blood flow to a patient’s heart muscle. Coronary bypass surgeries are just as common on Grey’s Anatomy as they

Recovery from the surgery usually requires a few weeks in the hospital. It may also include several visits and checkups in the first year. After that, the patient usually needs only one checkup a year to make sure that the valve is still working correctly. At the checkup, the doctor will do a number of tests to see if the replacement or repair is working like it should be. If they find something wrong, they will continue to monitor the person until they find out if it is life-threating or not. If it is life-threating the doctor will do another surgery to fix it (“Aortic Valve Stenosis”). There is very little chance that there will be complications after the surgery. The chance of complications is reduced due to how common the disorder is and

Atrial Septal Defect(ASD) is a very large problem concerning the heart in its overall function. When the heart, being the core of the cardiovascular system, has issues; it effects the rest of the body as a result. The core of the problem resides in the atrial septum. Normally the heart is divided into four separate chambers. But a person with atrial septal defect has an atrial septum that allows the blood from the left side of the heart back into the right side. This results in increased pulmonary blood flow and diastolic overload of the right ventricle. By having this constant left-to-right shunt, it can alter the pulmonary vascular resistance leading to hypertension or even the reversal of the shunt itself.

According to the text approximately 1, 966 babies are born with Atrial Septal Defect. People who have this disorder are dealing with this everyday of their life. Since Atrial Septal Defect is a heart condition, the symptoms and treatment have an impact on everyday life.