J&L Railroad

The article, “Creating the System: Railroads and the Modern Corporation”, informs us all about the development of the transcontinental railroad and how it helped drive the nation west and also transformed western North America into a economy that had many opportunities. The railroads have always interested me when it comes to this period of time. What I learned from the reading that I didn’t know before was that the Western railroads were primary carriers of grain, other agricultural produce, livestock, coal, lumber and minerals. Also seeing the prices that the farmers shipped their products for, and what they paid for the freights rates was very interesting. Overall, if the railroads wouldn’t have been built in a time when there was so little

Through progress, Canadian Natural Resources Limited had progressed to primary heavy crude lands in 1993 and purchasing thermal in-situ areas 3 years later, becoming a leader in the in-suti crude oil developments. As of 2000, they sought out to acquire assets from The North Sea along with Offshore Africa while also creating gas conservation with equipment including "pipelines, pad compressors, booster compressors, gas plants, and fuel lines" (Canadian Natural Resources Limited Performance Presentation Primary Recovery Heavy Oil Sands Schemes, n.d.) While continuing to strengthen the Northwestern Alberta and British Columbia 's basins, Canadian Natural Resource Limited furthered their achievements by recognizing synthetic crude oil at the Horizon Oil sands, leading to a shipment of such into the sales pipeline. Also in 2008, Canadian Natural Resources seeked out the ‘Kirby In-Situ Oil Sands’, hoping for approval on another project. From the beginning Canadian Natural Resources has strived to achieve something different and make an impact. Throughout the history of the company, Canadian Natural Resources has continued to search for new and economic ways to improve the company, "predict[ing] an oversupply of natural gas could last as long as seven years, keeping prices low"( 2011, March. CNRL

Also, with this arrangement, CBN would likely be using more up to date equipment. Since the

“If any act symbolized the taming of the Northwest frontier, it was the driving of the final spike to complete the nation’s first transcontinental railroad.”1 The first railroad west of the Mississippi River was opened on December 23, 1852. Five miles long, the track ran from St. Louis to Cheltanham, Missouri. Twenty-five years prior, there were no railroads in the United States; twenty-five years later, railroads joined the east and west coasts from New York to San Francisco.2

The Big Four were the men known in building the Central Pacific Railroad, the western portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States. The four men were Leland Stanford who was the President, Collis P. Huntington who was the Vice President, Mark Hopkins who was the Treasurer, and Charles Crocker who was the Construction Supervisor.

After the civil war in America, President Abraham Lincoln wanted to rebuild the Northern and Southern states and the economy in general. He began this process in 1862. This he did by signing into effect the Pacific Railroad Act in 1862. One of the factors that aided the rapid growth of the United States economy from 1865-1900 was the railroad. This project encouraged the migration of foreigners from all across the world to the United States and it went a long way to shape the industrialization and the economic boom of the country. During this period many old and new industries emerged and expanded. Industries that benefited much from the building of the railroad and the economic rise that was associated with it were the steel manufacturing

Based on the 1988 Supreme Court case of Corn Product Refining Co. v. Commissioner (350 U.S. 46; 76 S.Ct. 20; 100 L.Ed. 29), hedging transactions were determined to be used to support business practices of certain commodities. Such hedging transactions are normal for businesses engaged in commodity sales such as coal or corn to protect against market

Chinese immigrants during the 1800s was a vital contributor to the success of the Central Pacific transcontinental railroad. The railroad would not be such a big accomplishment for its size and time it took to complete, if not from the contribution of foreign labor, in this case Chinese. While the importance of foreign labor is very evident from the creation of the transcontinental railroads, the Chinese workers life while in the United States during this time did not illustration that. The life of the average Chinese workers saw an increased discrimination, compared to their counter parts. This is demonstrated by lower wages, harder living conditions, and various laws passed by the United States government till about the mid-1900s.

In order to ensure a reduction in the impact of rising crude oil prices on our company, we will take several actions to ensure that the impact of crude oil prices will not be more affected. First, we will raise the selling price by a small amount to compensate for the loss of government contracts. By raising the price to make up for the losses caused by the financial. Of course, this method has a certain risk, because if the increase is too large, the buyer may not buy from us here, so this can only micro-adjustment, can not improve too much. Second, we will need to control costs, starting from most places to ensure that can make up for financial shortfalls. Third, we will communicate with customers, such as we will take a range range of price fluctuations, and customers that will not exceed the range will not fall out, so that customers have a psychological bottom line. Thus ensuring that traffic will not lose. Fourth, we will be a large sum of money and bank loans, this is a last resort. Not to the last minute try not to use, although the reality may not be ideal. We can increase production in this way, and when prices fall, we can hedge, so that when prices rise, can produce more revenue to

The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) is commonly argued to be the most important transportation route in Canadian history, but most do not know the substantial benefits it provided. More specifically, it provided benefits to farmers, financiers, and consumers. The financiers of the railway were the group of people that the railway benefitted the most, mainly because of the significant amount of use it received in the 19th century.

From the recent case data, ExxonMobil has not acted irresponsibility in pricing its gasoline products. Outside of the grocery industry, I have not heard of any business segments surviving on less than a 5% profit margin. In reading that ExxonMobil reported only a net profit of 8.5%3, it is difficult to state that the firm over priced its products to reap abnormal profits. Although Mr. Lee Raymond’s $400 million retirement seems grossly out of proportion in utilitarian terms, adding these funds back into the firm’s bottom line would not change the profit results. With profit margins of less than 10%, it is unlikely that ExxonMobil would be able to keep the price of gasoline fixed if sweet crude oil were to increase from $80 per barrel to $88. This 10% increase in raw material cost would have to be passed through to the customer in the form of higher prices for the firm to survive.

Since we need to hedge 75% of the expected fuel consumption over 2008Q1, the amount of

* Hedging. Hedging with the fuel market could save enough money in one year to offset the next year’s fuel supply and costs.

Since the feedstock prices will be affected drastically by the change in price of oil, control of prices would be key thing to do for the NASA management team.

From its definition it can be noticed that hedging is a strategy employed by companies in an effort to safeguard their economic position and to prevent the company from the losses which are associated with the unforeseen risks. Companies can hedge against risks which are associated with losses by taking control of their future purchases. The commodity prices vary in different markets and are caused or influenced by different economic factors. Some commodities are very scarce and with the increased depletion subject to the global demand in different foreign markets, the prices are set to be hiked in response to the established demand which positions the companies that use those particular commodities to have cash flow problems.