J. P. Lederach's Culture: Exclusive Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding is the prefect way that providing ideal food for healthy growth and development of infants; it is also an important component part of the reproductive process for the health of mothers (WHO, 2002). Breastfeeding has benefits not only for both mother and baby in health and family finance but also for society. The chance of disease such as type 2 diabetes, breast cancer ovarian cancer and postpartum depression would be decreased if mother breastfeed their babies. And babies would have a lower risk to get necrotizing enterocolitis, lower respiratory infections, asthma, obesity and type 2 diabetes. In poor family, breastfeeding can save the cost of formula milk and health care. For society, if 90 percent of mothers breastfeed their babies for 6 months, 1000 deaths of infants will be prevented. For environment, the amount of rubbish would be decreased due to the less of formula can and bottle.

The following review written in the Online Journal of Cultural Competence in Nursing and Healthcare articulated how the ANP’s role is vital for the support and need to educate oneself and others within healthcare for the cultural implications and beliefs of postpartum lactating women in Egypt and the use of Moghat (Aboul-Enein, 2013). The World Health Organization promote and support breastfeeding as a healthy function of postnatal women that advantage both the woman and the infant. The teaching and benefits of breastfeeding are expressed to many individuals within the community and healthcare but often it is not teaching specific cultural beliefs. Since 1932 Moghat was sundried, powered and mixed into a warm drink and consumed by postpartum mothers to stimulate lactation in nursing mothers (Aboul-Enein, 2013). This study’s intent was to incorporate cultural competence into health education interventions to expand patient centered care and outcomes. (Aboul-Enein,

However, the truth is that the United States of America are not included in those places. This topic has been raised very frequently in the debates that breastfeed milk is better than synthetic and bottled milk by many scientists and health professionals. Even the mothers, who understand the importance of breastfeeding also, prefer the easy and comfortable way of feeding kids with bottled milk. And many women does that because they don’t feel comfortable doing that in public. The question is, if it is worth cooperating the children health and growth by not providing the mother’s milk, and opting easy way out with bottled milk or due to fear of confrontation. Some people may also feel that even if mothers want to breastfeed their toddlers, and they aren’t bothering anyone they should do it the way they like, because for them breastfeeding is more satisfying and they get the feel of more caring towards their kids.

According to Brown, Isaacs and Lechtenberg (2011), babies need to be fed on breast milk for the 6 months of life. Beyond this period, Clark (2008) encourages feeding on breast milk for no less than 12 months. Regardless of experts’ belief that breastfeeding is the suitable nutritional choice for babies; some women are not able to breastfeed. For several women, the choice to formula feed or breastfeed relies hugely on their level of comfort, medical considerations and lifestyles. Instant

The World Health Organization suggests that mothers solely breastfeed for the first six months of life, and continue to use breast milk to supplement the child’s diet for up to two years and beyond. Despite this being encouraged all around the world, the percentage of mothers who actually follow this advice is only high in developing countries. In these countries, over 99% of mothers typically begin breastfeeding newborns, and many children continue to be breastfed through their second year (Brown, 2015). In developed countries, the percentage drops drastically. In the UK, and similarly in America, Australia, and much of Europe, the percentage of mothers who begin breastfeeding is high, 81%, but the percentage drops to just 55% at six weeks. Norway experienced similar percentages in the 1970s, but there has been a culture change that has led to 98% of mothers breastfeeding at

When asked to name an Egyptian pharaoh, most people would turn to the name; Tutankhamun. A name which belonged to one of the most famous and well-known mummies of Ancient Egypt. Tutankhamun was a pharaoh who ruled during the New Kingdom Period in Ancient Egypt at the age of 9-10, his short lived reign lasted from 1332-1323 BC. His mummified remains were found in a cache tomb by Howard Carter, the tomb remained untouched and hidden in the Valley of the Kings for many hundreds of thousands of years while many others were plundered upon discovery. Within this tomb were countless treasures, artefacts and answers to feed our curiosity about the young Pharaoh as well as Egyptian culture, beliefs of power, death and the afterlife.

The legalization of marijuana is an issue that consistently discussed and debated, not only in North America, but throughout the entire world. Despite being illegal in every country, marijuana remains the most widely used illicit drug in the world. The popularity of this drug is the cause for the continuous legalization debate, resulting in various legislations pertaining to the consumption of the substance. Every country has its own stance on the issue, however, the Netherlands has a unique policy on marijuana use: it is decriminalized, classified as a "soft drug" and possession is limited to 5 grams in public or 30 grams in a private area. There are also Dutch

Breast feeding has been in practice for a very long time, as early as 2000 BC. Before the invention of formula, bottles, and pumps this was the safest most common way for a mother to feed their infants. In fact, for 99% of human history breast milk was the sole source of nutrition for children until the age of two. In today’s society there are many different and opposing personal stand points on where or not a mother should breast feed their children. It is a very controversial topic with many variables. In breast feeding there are several benefits, reasons, and cultural effects that go into making the decision to engage or stay away from breast feeding. There is also historical causes and cultural differences that lead influence a mothers

In December 1997 the American Academy of Pediatrics issued its most aggressive statement to due urging mothers to breastfeed for at least a year and beyond “for as long as mutually desired.” Mother’s milk alone provides all the nutrients necessary for a baby’s physical and mental development for at least at least six months, with the added benefit of natural immunity against numerous diseases. In Milk, Money and Madness: The Culture and Politics of Breastfeeding, Naomi Baumslag, MD, MPD, asserts that “breastfed babies also have lower incidence of allergies, urinary tract infections, obesity, learning, behavioral and psychological problems, later-life heart disease, pneumonia, neonatal sepis, and giardia

Breastfeeding in public is one of the most controversial issues in society today. Breastfeeding has been around since before the 15th century. It is a bond shared between a mother and a child. Research shows that breastfeeding is the best choice over formula because breastfeeding provides the infant with essential nutrients, helps with recovery from childbirth, and protects the infant against a number of chronic conditions. Breastfeeding is abnormal, healthy, natural and need not be disguised, explained, or apologized. You should be able to breastfeed your baby wherever or whenever your child is hungry. Breastfeeding is not a choice it’s a responsibility. It may not be the right choice for some parents, but it’s the best choice for every baby.

Any infant enters the world completely relying on their mother, whether it’s to provide security, comfort, or their first meal. Breastfeeding, although pretty self-explanatory, is the act of a woman feeding a baby with milk from her breast. It is recommended that a baby be breastfed for the first time within an hour of their birth and exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life (Belsky, 2012). However, there is a stigma attached to breastfeeding in some areas of the world, especially the United States, so a common alternative is formula. There are many benefits not only the infant can gain from being breastfed, but also benefits the mother can obtain from providing this nutrition for her child. This paper will discuss

“Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants; it is also an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of mothers” Statement taken from the world health organization publication on the nutrition of exclusive breastfeeding.

Statistical Product and Service Solutions for Windows (SPSS) 12.0 software package and SAS 8.0 software. SPSS 12.0 was used for all statistical analysis except linear regression which used SAS 8.0.

For thousands of years, breastfeeding has been the main source that women have had to feed their babies. In today’s society, however, breastfeeding has become a controversial issue due to the increased sexualization of the female body, especially women’s breasts. This same society has failed to consider the benefits that breastfeeding mothers offer to society and, most importantly, the benefits breastfeeding offers to children. It is important to consider and remember that breastfeeding is natural and nursing mothers should be free to nurse everywhere because it is their legal right, it is the first source of nutrition for their children, it eliminates excess waste in the environment, and it benefits society.

Citizens do not speak about issues that make them uncomfortable or issues they do not care about because the issues do not pertain to them. Mental illness and the inaccessibility to healthcare in other countries are often disregarded. People neglect those with mental illness and do not care when citizens of other countries are unable to get basic healthcare needs. Those with mental illness and those without access to healthcare either die or live their lives in pain. Learning about mental illness and global healthcare issues influenced my decision to pursue a career helping those who are unable to advocate for themselves.