Jane Cannon Summary

The term ‘stress’ was generally thought to have been a concept created by Robert Hooke in the 17th century. He worked on the design of physical structures, such as bridges; his concept of stress came from how much pressure a structure could withstand. However, Lazarus (1993) pointed out that the term ‘stress’ has been used as far back as the 14th century, when it meant hardship or adversity. Back then it referred to the external stressor, such as the death of a spouse or financial worry; in the 20th century, there are many different schools of thought on this area. Hans Selye (1956), brought together the work of Cannon and Bernard and devised a comprehensive system of physiological stress; which he termed the ‘General Adaptation Syndrome’,

The Science of Stress is an informative video by National Geographic detailing the body response to stress. Stress is the body’s way of getting itself prepared to face a challenge. It is constant problem that everyone has to deal with. It was originally meant to aid our survival, but over time it has become dangerous and lethal to our well being. National Geographic’s video gives us a scientific view of what goes on in our bodies when experiencing stress and its effects on it.

Stress Is the body’s way of responding to the hectic lives most of us live, whether good or bad. The body releases chemicals into the bloodstream, which creates a rush of energy and strength If an individual is feeling stressed. This energy can prove useful if an individual is in physical danger. Because it enables a person’s survival instinct kicks in; it is often described as ‘fight or flight.’ In addition, stress can also have a negative effect on the body, for example: suffering from stress and leaving it unchecked can contribute to health problems, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, and diabetes.

Hans Selye, father of the modern stress, defined stress as “the distracted answer of body to some command” , regardless of cause of threat, individual would act in response with same physiological pattern of the reactions. Many of the researches do not concur with meaning as they sense that stress reply is not almost universal as Selye suggested. Diverse stressors might produce diverse pattern of stress, unlike those different characteristics. Diverse stressors might produce diverse patterns of stress, unlike those different characteristics of response. Each one would see situation from own eyes and it becomes our perception of demands, which will decide whether we feel ‘stressed’ or we don’t. stress is not the factor which resides in individual instead it is entrenched in continuing procedure that involves persons transact with social environment, creation appraisal of encounter to manage with

Stress was defined by Selye as "the nonspecific response of the body to any demand" (Christopher, 1996), the

Stress is defined as the “non specific response of the body to any demand for change”. It was coined by Hans Selye in 1936. A highly subjective phenomenon. There are many signs of having/getting stress; Physical, Psychological, Behavioural and Emotional.

Jane McGonigell declares at the beginning of her lecture that she is a gamer who constantly needs clear goals. Therefore, her goal for the present lecture is to try to extend the life expectancy of the participants in the lecture in seven and a half minutes. At the same time, the participants must think about what they want to do with the time (bonus moments) that they will get. McGonigall says the audience probably think that she will ask them to spend the seven and a half minutes in game, because she is a game designer who insists that humanity should spend 21 billion hours a week playing video games. Twenty-one billion hours that are not a waste of time, since games are a positive force in the world. However, there are people that think

“Stress in health and disease is medical, sociologically and philosophically the most meaningful subject for humanity that I can think of.” (Hans H. Selye, MD, 1982)

Cooper & Marshall (1976). A response based definition; this comes in three stages, first being the body is alerted and responds with a reaction. Moving on to the next stage being autonomic activity is activated so the body prepares to deal with the stress, but if the stress becomes overbearing the body cannot handle this and begins to breakdown and become damaged Selye (1956) And lastly stress as a dynamic process; this definition of stress which has contributing factors to the other two definitions of stress. This suggests stress is a dynamic process including internal and external factors, the characteristics of an individual and also the interactions between them. Cognitive factors are more focussed upon in this definition; the amount of stress experienced by a person is determined by demands. This definition suggests there is a link between emotional and environmental factors Sulsky and Smith (2005). The definition of stress is subjective to an individual and each have their own perceptions of what stress is. Stress is the concept how well a person can deal with lifestyle factors but in fact there are many ways stress can impact in anyway, it depends on the individual’s tolerance and view of a situation. In addition to Butler.G., the researchers Kranner, I., Minibayeva, F. V., Beckett, R. P., and Seal, C. E. (2010) definitions of stress were largely

Hans Selye was the one who coined the word “stress”. According to Field, McCabe, Schneiderman, and Field (2013), Selye defined “stress” as a non-specific response of the body to any form of demand for change. Just as the way Selye defined it, stress is the way in which the body responds to any type of demand. Stress can be caused by both bad and good experiences. When a person feels stressed by something occurring around him, his body reacts by releasing certain chemicals into the blood, giving the person more strength and energy that can be a good thing if physical danger is what causes his stress. Though, it can also be a bad thing is his stress is a response to an emotional thing as there would be no outlet for such extra strength and energy.

Hans Selye was an endocrinologist who was considered the first scientist to study the effects of stress on homeostasis (6). He worked for John Hopkins, McGill University, and the University of Montreal (14). He first described his theory on general adaptation in 1936 and introduced the concepts of eustress and distress (6). According to Selye’s theory, stress is any factor that threatens homeostasis in an individual (6). He reasoned that there must be a generalized stress response without regards to the cause of stress (6). His generalized response to stress included three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion (6). However, his theory was seen as too simple and many advances were made in the study of his theory on stress since his time.

Stress has become such an integral part of modern life and our daily existence, which is difficult to believe that our current use of the term originated less than a century ago. Hans Selye is unquestionably one of the greatest pioneers of medicine. His famous and revolutionary concept of stress exposed and uncovered innumerable treatments through the discovery that hormones participate in the development of degenerative diseases, including brain hemorrhages, high blood pressure, kidney failure, arthritis, coronary thrombosis and even cancer. Currently, his research is being used to formulate codes of behaviors based on laws governing the body’s stress resistance while dealing with personal, interpersonal and group problems.

The term stress comes from the field of physics by one of the fathers of stress research Hans Selye in 1936. He insisted that stress was a non-specific strain on the body caused by irregularities in normal body functions (”History of stress”). Stress is one of bodily or mental tension resulting from factors that tend to alter an existent equilibrium (”Definition of stress”). There's three

Stress is a frequently common problem that affects almost everybody at certain points in their lives. Stress refers to the way a human body responds to any kind of demand or threat. When one feels threatened, the body nervous system actively responds by releasing adrenaline and cortisol hormones, which help the body get ready and prepared for an emergency action. Stress sometimes could be helpful since it instigates faster reactions from individuals (Hellhammer et al., 2008). It can also enable people work out responsive duties. This only occurs when the stress suffered falls within an individual’s comfort. However, on the contrary, most occurring stresses that people face fall beyond their comfort zones causing major damages to the body

Stress has been defined by Barton (1997) as the “response of an organism to any demand placed on it such that it causes an extension of a physiological state beyond its normal resting state to the point that the chances of survival may be reduced”. Several studies have demonstrated that stress