Jane's Depression

People who are not depressed or have never come to contact with clinical depression, are more often than not inclined to judge someone who is clinically depressed and call them dramatic, self-indulgent, or even worse tell them that they are just “under the weather.” Diagnosed clinical depression is not something that one can just shrug off, in fact it’s a disease that will cause the mental health state of an individual to decrease. Though depression isn’t something one can physically see like the flu, depression causes the patient to feel the effects as if it were a physical disorder. These symptoms include but are not limited to, fatigue, muscle aches headaches, etc. Though sadness can also cause an individual to feel these symptoms, sadness is temporary. Whereas depression, lingers and tends to become part of the patient’s everyday life, like a best friend. Though everyone at some point in their lives will experience sadness, the underlying question of why some people experience sadness that leads into full on depression remains. The article titled “Sadness, Depression, and Avoidance Behavior” by Allan M. Leventhal, primarily discusses an explanation to why some individuals are more prone to depression and subsequently will become clinically depressed, and why others are not. Furthermore, the article offers a clear separation between sadness and depression.

One of the most common psychiatric disorders is known as clinical depression and affects anywhere between 3% and 13% of the population with some form of depressive symptoms affecting as much as 20% of the adult population at some point in their lives (Amenson & Lewinson, 1981; Kessler et al., 1994; Oliver & Simmons, 1985, as cited in Antonuccio, Danton, & DeNelsky, p. 574). The concept of ‘harmful dysfunction’ advanced by Horwitz and Wakefield (2007) describes two key components of clinical depression: a dysfunctional mechanism and the dysfunction being harmful to the individual (as cited in, Parker & Paterson, p.405). This paper explores the following questions: what does research indicate about clinical depression and what are the implications for treatment? Reviews are presented in regards to the emergence of depression and psychotherapy versus medication to treat clinical depression. Considerations are briefly discussed and the research paper will conclude with an interpretation of the critical points.

The purpose of this case study is to reveal that John R. Cash has depression and has suffered from this disorder for a

Eventually in life, any given individual will encounter testing days that brings on a depressing mood. An individual may feel miserable, sad, or even tired. A depress state of mind is something that is normal and a basic event in our day to day lives. For a few people, it turns out to be more than a basic discouraged mind-set, it turns into a state of being a disorder. It is assessed that million of Americans will develop some type of mood disorder issue eventually in their life. Mood disorder is not something new mood disorder are something that has been around a very long time.

Samantha made minimal process practicing coping skills to manage depressive moods. Samantha identified situations that lead to emotions of anger and sadness. Samantha continues to have difficultly executed coping skills after practicing at weekly visits. MHP receives reports from MHS that Samantha only asks for personal space and positive self-talk after being redirected. Samantha is able to communicate her emotions at weekly visits with MHS and MHP. MHP provides Samantha with encouragement and praise after practicing coping skills through role play, and CBT exercises. Samantha will continue this goal.

Mrs. Bond is a 46 years-old secretary, who has recently complained about loss of appetite and low mood over the previous months. She also claims to be moody, loss of interest in work and pleasure in daily activities. She also complains about the inability to sleep, and admits to have thought of suicide. Due to these stressful feeling, she is unable to function at work. Based on these characteristics, we can diagnose that Mrs. Bond has the symptoms of Depression. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV, depression is stated as a serious illness which involves a state of deep sadness and loss of interest or pleasure (American Psychiatric Association, 2002). People once in a while will

Patient appeared to be experiencing symptoms that are consistent with Persistent Depressive Disorder. It appeared that her stressors are caused by internal and external stressors. She appeared to be experiencing depressive symptoms such as sadness, depressed and irritable mood ( vocal and physical outburst, destructive, angry and has acting out behaviors), regressed ( acting younger ), social withdrawal ( wants to isolate, stay away from people in her household) loss of interest, feeling worthless, crying more often, increased sensitivity to criticism, negative perception, luck of acceptance and disturbance of sleep. It appeared that claimant dependents on external validation to feel good enough and accepted evident by her ongoing need to be perceived as equal and normal by her peers. It appeared that she may be experiencing difficulty coping with rejection, it may due to her increase sensitivity to criticisms, which may be resulting in her magical thinking to help accepting her reality. She reported that she has difficulty forming attachment, is easily distracted and irritable. She reported experiencing interpersonal withdrawal and isolation. Such symptoms hinder her ability to function with normal daily activities, work environment and maintain healthy relationships. It appeared that she is feeling hopeless, as a result she may be experiencing difficulty trusting adults and believing their promises.

nd feeling depressed is a normal reaction to loss, life’s struggles, or an injured self esteem. But when these feelings become overwhelming, involve physical symptoms, and last for long periods of time, they can keep you from leading a normal active life. That is when it is time to seek for medical help.

People of all ages, backgrounds, and walks of life have felt depressed and unhappy at some time in their lives. These periods of sadness usually pass after a short time, but for some people, this feeling can remain for weeks, months, and even years. (1) This prolonged state of unhappiness is called major (or clinical) depression and is characterized by a persistent sad or "empty" mood, loss of interest in favorite activities, difficulty concentrating, and many other symptoms. It is not simply a mental state but an illness that interferes with the way people feel, function, and think.(2)

Just because a person is considered mentally healthy, does not mean they will not occasionally experience the “blues” from time to time. Sadness is common among mentally healthy individuals, and is considered a normal emotion. The occasional sadness experienced is typically short lived, as mentally healthy persons utilize their coping skills and move on. Pathological depression occurs when coping skills are ineffective and the individual is unable to adapt. (Townsend, 2012). According to Townsend, disability from major depression is a significant problem in the U.S. Statistics show that about 21% of women, and 13% of men will become clinically depressed at some point in their lifetime (2012). Gender and Age, culture and race, social

The popular Western conception of the depressed patient remains both culturally-pervasive and largely homogenous. From Eeyore to Hugh Laurie's portrayal of Dr. House, pop-cultural depressive symptomology oftentimes equates to images of despair, withdrawal, and an almost palpable air of sadness. This understanding of depression, indeed, echoes in diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders as recently published within the fifth edition of the DSM. Accordingly, the DSM-V classifies those exhibiting either (1) depressed mood and/or (2) anhedonia in conjunction with at least five of such other symptoms as “recurrent suicidal ideation” and “significant weight loss” for a significant portion of two-weeks, as clinically diagnosable with suffering

The article Say no to depression by Norman Brown, discusses the many treatments available to those who are depressed and how, “Many people simply do not seek treatment, although even those with severe forms can be helped by medication and talk therapies that ease the pain and alter moods.” The article discuses the differences between the “blahs” and clinical depression, stating that the “blahs” are the occasional times that those without clinical depression feel sad or unfulfilled mimicking the symptoms of depression. The article continues by describing examination methods to determine if a patient has clinical depression. The first step is for physical illness to be ruled out and other factors such as drugs that may be causing the bout of

Depressive disorders include a group of depressive behaviors characterized by loss of interests in activities and often coupled with unhappiness. Criteria for diagnosing depressive disorders are based on DSM-5 that gives symptoms and periods for different conditions. The clinical criteria cannot function alone it is accompanied psychological and physical evaluation to eliminate diseases that mimic depression. Depressive disorders are caused by a combination of factors including environmental, genetic, biochemical and psychological factors. The interaction cause depressive episodes in individuals. The exhibited symptoms vary from individual to individual they include lack of interest in activities, fatigue, altered sleep patterns, change in appetite, feelings of worthlessness and also suicidal thoughts. Types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder, and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder among others. Treatment includes forms of therapy like psychotherapy and drugs depending on the severity of depression. Family and friends are important in recovery of depressed individuals by offering support needed to follow prescriptions and support during recovery. Depressive disorders are diverse, but they all affect the wellbeing of individuals in relation to their work, social relations, and education needs (NIH, 2015).

Major depressive disorder, also known as depression is defined as “ a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.” (Source 5) It estimated that between 10-15 percent of the general population will experience depression during their lifetime, and according to the World Health Organization(WHO) 9% of women & 5% of Men suffer from the disorder in a given year. There is a strong difference between depression and sadness, sadness is a normal human emotion, 2 it comes and goes and usually has a trigger. Depression is an abnormal

Depression is a mood disorder that is characterized by incredibly low moods, the disorder can develop quite suddenly and quickly and be rooted by major life events. In the DSM-IV, the chapter of “Depressive Disorders” was joined with the chapter “Bipolar and Related Disorders.” However this has now changed in the DSM 5, as the two are now separate. There are some common features of all of these disorders which are the ‘’presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual’s capacity to function’’ ("Depressive Disorders: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", 2016). When it comes to depression there are several psychological treatments that are shown to relieve the disorder. Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) is a form of intervention for depression, IPT conceptualizes on the idea that depression is closely tied to interpersonal problems (Klerman et al, 1984), this means problems involving or occurring amongst several other individuals, these could range from relationship difficulties with family/workplace to bereavement. The course of the therapy usually entails with the therapist and patient focussing on one or two issues, with the objective of the