A1.
The country I chose to compare to the Health Care System of the United States is Japan.
A2.
The United States healthcare system is market based. The US has a widely diverse system with levels for people in different categories receiving different levels care. Healthcare coverage for US citizens mostly is offered through work policies, private policies and government assistance for the poor. In the United States, if you lose your job you lose your health insurance. People can then obtain insurance through a private source but the premiums are more expensive. In 2010, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act became a law in the United States. The PPACA was intended to provide coverage for uninsured or low-income Americans.
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A2A
In Japan medication is prescribed and dispensed by the physician within the facility in which care is provided. Medication rates in Japan are set by the government, and cannot be changed by anyone other than the government. Service and medication prices are fixed to be the same throughout the entire country. (Ikegami, 1991) In the US medications are purchased at a pharmacy. Pharmacies are privately owned and retail companies. In the US medications come at a price. If it is included in your insurance plan they can be reduced in cost or even free. If you do not have insurance you may pay a very steep price for your medications. This practice in the US causes many to go without the medication that they need, because they cannot afford it.
A2B
In Japan most people can call upon a specialist without a referral from their Primary Care Physician they have no “gatekeepers” (PBS, 2008). In the United States depending on the type of insurance a person has dictates if they have to obtain a referral from their primary care physician prior to making an appointment for a specialist.
A2C
A patient cannot be denied coverage because of a pre-existing condition in Japan. (Ikegami, 1991) In the US under the ACA a patient can no longer be denied for a pre-existing condition. Prior to the ACA an insurance company could deny insurance or coverage of the preexisting condition. (Gonzalez, 2013) This may be the only similarity within
The health care system varies from country to country although a factor they all have in common is that great measures of research are taken in order to find results and achieve a good health care system for the economy. Between Australia and japan, there are great initiatives taken to help in association to this, including economic, social and political circumstances, all influencing the way in which the countries health care system is shaped and run.
How hard is it to get a referral for a specialist? Japanese citizens do not need a referral to see a particular specialist. There is not a gatekeeper, so therefore, Japanese do not need a referral and also do not need an appointment. Any individual can walk into any doctor’s office and be treated (Reid, 2008) In the United States, most insurance companies require referrals to see a specialist from a primary physician or any emergency room physician can give referral as well, but some specialist can be seen without a referral. Some health insurances require pre-authorization to see a specialist to deem whether or not the referral is needed. Also in contrast with Japan, Americans do have to make appointments with specialist and at times
In the United States, access to health care is largely determined by who has financing to receive insurance (Shi & Singh, 2013, p. 197) Financing for health care comes from many different entities. For most Americans who have health insurance through their employment, the employers pay a part of the insurance premium and employees pay the rest (Shi & Singh, 2013, p.
The country that I pick to compare to the U.S. healthcare system is Great Britain.
Insurance however covers basic services making the US health system an imperfect market since patients are not directly generating the cost of services. The next characteristic is the government acts as a subsidiary to the private sector. The US system is largely in private hands; whatever is left is filled by the government which includes support for research and training. Another characteristic is the fusion of market justice and social justice. Market justice focuses on the fair distribution of health care on the market in a free economy. It is based on the patient’s compliance and capability of paying for their medical care. Social justice focuses on the community over the individual. This believes that the patient is unable to afford medical care. The fusion of both theories can work well together in that some people can receive insurance through employers and those that can’t, will receive insurance through the government. However, they can also create problems in that some employers cannot afford the cost of private insurance providers and the employees do not qualify for government health insurance. This leaves these people and their families uninsured. The next characteristic is multiple players and balance of powers. There are many different groups that play a role in the US health system, and each with their own interest. This
On April 1st, 2011, Japan celebrated its 50th anniversary of universal healthcare, a healthcare system which undoubtedly contributed to their 2015 number one ranking for life expectancy for both sexes, in a list compiled and published by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Although not in the top five, France made the list at number nine equal with Switzerland, and New Zealand sat at number 15. So, what makes these two countries so different? Why is their life expectancy so much higher than ours? Ultimately, it comes down to health care. The purpose of this essay is to describe two different healthcare systems used in countries other than New Zealand, in this case, French and Japanese systems, and the main similarities and differences
The U.S. is an industrialized nation that continues to be behind on providing health care coverage to all citizens. However, the German health care system came up with a plan that ensured all citizens are provided with some form of health care coverage; nevertheless, the U.S. continues to dispute health care reform and how to provide coverage to all citizens. “Health spending per capita in the United States is much higher than in other countries – at least $2,535 dollars, or 51%, higher than Norway, the next largest per capita spender. Furthermore, the United States spends nearly double the average $3,923 for the 15 countries ("Health Care Cost," 2011, table 1)”.
In Japan it seems as if the doctors have a closer relationship with their patients mainly because the patients’ g o to the doctor three times more than Americans and the doctors’ still make house calls. Japan has always had extraordinary health statistics, mainly because the have a healthier diet and lifestyle.
With all the focus our country has recently put on Healthcare I thought is necessary to look at a country which has used a Universal Health care model to understand where we as a country are heading and why so many people are opposed to it. For years I have heard that Japanese healthcare was one of the best in the world and known of people who would travel to Japan to receive treatment. Japan has been at the forefront of technology and it seems that the use of that technology has helped them advance in Health Care as well. In comparing both Japanese and American Health Care Systems I am hoping to find if Japanese Health Care is better than our American Health Care System.
As the United States continues make improvements to its national health care system, it is important to look to the health care policies of other countries. We can learn a lot from noting what is working in regards to foreign health
For Americans, health care coverage depends primarily on whether health insurance is provided by their employer or through two major public programs, Medicaid for the poor and Medicare for the elderly.
Badat states that “the bonus comes out to about 90,000 pounds”(Badat, 2008), in US dollars this turns out to be about $180,000 dollars. 2. Japanese pay for their health care system by having a health care policy and paying taxes as well, Reid tells the viewer that “Unlike the British the Japanese do not pay for all their health care through taxes, instead everybody needs to sign up for health insurance” (Reid, 2008). This type of insurance is known as social insurance, an many countries use social insurance countries such as Canada, Australia, and Japan. Japanese keep their medical procedures so low in over cost to patients because the agency in charge of regulating the cost of health care is very meticulous as to what the physicians are doing, in fact Reid notifies the viewer that “every two years the ministry of health and the physicians negotiate a standard price for procedures, if a doctor tries to boost their numbers by doing more procedures, the ministry lowers the price of the procedure”(Reid, 2008).
After the reconstruction in Japan social economic down fall in the post of WW II, the Japanese made a remarkable spring forth in becoming the world leading in life expectancy and egalitarian society. Given the life expectancy prior to 1946 for men and women respectively 42.8: 44.3 to 51.1 years (Bezruchka, Namekata, and Sistrom, 2008, p. 4), compared to present age of 79.6: 86.4 years for men and women respectively (WHO, 2010). The Japanese contemporary health benefit is due to the distribution of power and economic equality forced by democratic centralized government in unifying the nations (Bezruchka, et al., 2008, p. 589). NEED ONE MORE SENTENCE
In conclusion, Mexico, Japan, and France have very distinctive health care systems. The differences in the economy of each country become visible by what each country is capable of providing its citizens with. Both France and Japan have universal health care coverage but the country of Mexico does not. Mexico’s health care system offers three health care plans. Each plan provides different benefits. The élite class is benefits the most from the social security plan, and is the best of the three plans. Mexico’s population faces issues of high infant mortality rate and depression associated with poverty. Japans health care system provides equal benefits regardless of what plan one is placed in. over the years Japans has been faced with health
With the United States still not achieving universal health insurance, it makes sense that we would rank lower than Japan on health statistics. With people