Japanese Architecture: Essential Elements Of Japanese Interior Design

In A Home Is Not a House, Reyner Banham starts by arguing that the main function of the typic American house is to cover its mechanical structure. In fact, he states that the use of mechanical services in architectural practice varies constantly because mechanical services are considered to be new in the profession, as well as, a cultural threat to the architect’s position in the world. To show his argument, Banham states that American houses are basically large single spaces divided by partitions inside that give a relative importance to the use of internal mechanical services, causing a threat to the need of architectural design. Similarly, American cultural characteristics, like cleanliness and hygiene, also foster the use and need of mechanical

Japan is described as a country of wood, and the reverence of natural materials. The depths of the love and admiration that the Japanese people have for wood are famous, which is similar to the Greek love of pristine marble and its smooth surfaces. This can be seen in an old Japanese expression "plants and trees all have something to say", Japanese believe that trees have a soul and say they can sense spirits, or "kami", within them. It is trees that form the core which nurtures the sensibilities about nature held by the Japanese people. It is thus natural for architecture in Japan to be based on wood. Many structures are made of wood, ranging from shrines and temples to palaces and homes, and in doing so grand structures have been created (Stokstad).

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Interior design and architecture are essential, and often overlooked, aspects of everyday life. In modern society people rely on function, durability, and visual appeal when selecting designs for their homes, businesses, and places of leisure. The way that a space is designed influences such things as mood, which, in the case of a business, can impact the productivity of employees and either draw or repel customers. In residential design, the design becomes very personal and, to be considered a successful design, must properly reflect the home owner while at the same time offering some practicality that makes the space livable. An effective design, for any space, must solve some problem, be it function, flexibility, or some other criteria. Simply solving a problem would not please the customer, however, unless it offered some visual appeal. Creating function with style is the real job of any interior designer, and is essential in a content society.

Even from afar, it is distinguishable from its environment. But the true beauty of my unique house can only be seen on the inside, which contains numerous rooms, corridors,

Each room is connected using a doorway and a reasonable sized hallway. The walls will be constructed the same as the ones in the other rooms

In the Wikipedia article called Japanese housing written in March 28, 2018, it states that there was no designated use for a room except for the Genkan (shoe room), toilet, and Ofuro (bath). Any room can easily be transformed into the desired size using fusuma, sliding doors that create rooms when needed. This shows that the Japanese value flexibility because of the many ways you can arrange a Japanese house. In the article Shinden Zukuri Estates of the Heian Period written by Anthony Bryant, it says that the undeveloped space between two rooms or in the main courtyard was often filled with nature. They placed one dominant tree, smaller trees, and an artificial pond in the open space. Women were named after the dominant tree in the area that their pavilion faced. This demonstrates the fact that the Japanese value nature greatly in their homes and even name people after trees on the property. Shinden Zukuri values both nature and flexibility because of ponds and trees that they add to the home for decoration and the fusuma screens that allow for the transfiguration of rooms at

The House became the embodiment of the Greene & Greene design philosophy. Starting with consideration to climate. The design allows for cross ventilation by creating multiple windows in all directions, and connections to the outside porches, allowing patrons to sleep inside or outside comfortably within the heat of the city. According to Jeffrey Michael in Christie’s Arts and Crafts Style, the Greenes design every detail of the house, including the switch plates. The exterior of the house’s form was a shingle, bungalow style. It included sleeping porches, balconies and patios that act as an extension of the out-door in door relationship to the landscape. The brothers designed the structure around positions to maximize cross ventilation, and utilized materials such as stained class and wood fixtures in order to preserve the coolness provided by the cross-ventilation (Blakesley 2006). The facade of the house is mostly comprised by the wooden porches mentioned earlier. The porches utilize wood structure beams and floors that extend into the interior.

One of the major aspects that caught the attention of the Momoyama warlords is the large scale of his work. Such as, Eitoku’s larger than life-size painting “Chinese Lions” (Figure 1) it is more than seven feet tall and about fifteen feet long. It is a six-panel screen or “byobu” in Japanese and this word stands for wind protection. Screens have a notable role in Japanese history as a way of decoration as well as feasible objects and architectural design.

Portrait of an Arhat (Rakan) was created in Edo period of the Japanese art culture. This period started in 1615-1868 when culture expression started to really blossom for the Japanese culture (Singer). From statues, lavish paintings, and religion the art speaks vibrant vibrations. This culturally diverse period gets its name from the city of Edo, known as Tokyo modern day. Which became the headquarters of the government when Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542 – 1616) unified the country (Department of Asian Art). The Tokugawa regime was started in 1603, when the emperor, in “recognition of Ieyasu’s supremacy on the battlefield”, appointed him shogun. Shogun is the highest military position you can carry in Japan (Singer). After this Japan had strict laws on not using motor vehicles were put into place. Going into the 1630s, contact with the outside world was stopped through “official prohibition of foreigners” (Department of Asian Art). Around 1720 Edo had a population of “more than one million residents having more population than London or Paris at the time” (Singer). According to Art of Edo Japan Kyoto, was city of temples and shrines. It was the leading center of arts and crafts production with a population of close to 400,000 (Singer).

In Wright and An alto's houses, a powerful sense of insides is generate by opacity. Which, in Falling water is express in roughly dressed stone masonry walls and, in Villa Mairea. By white-painted, solid walls. The transparency of glass windows in both houses thereby connect the two. In both houses, the architects created a strong sense of insideness yet, at the same time, devised ways to connect inside and outside and thereby create a robust continuity between the two. This inside-outside relationship can be translate into environmental and architectural experience in four different ways: (1) in-betweeness; (2) interpenetration generated by inside; (3) interpenetration generated by outside; and (4)

     The Traditional Chinese houses have many differences in comparison with the North American houses. The building materials used in construction is the most distinct difference from North American’s. A typical Chinese farmhouse is built of sun-dried bricks or pounded earth, because wood is too expensive and scarce to use. On the other hand, many typical Northern American houses are built of wood. In addition to the variations of building materials used in constriction, the architectural planning of a traditional Chinese houses is also unique. A traditional Chinese house is built according to the “Court-yard System'; where by houses are built around a courtyard which is invisible to the outside. Windows are covered by a thin oiled paper which is also invisible in order to protect robbery and keep privacy. Nowadays, the traditional housing system seldom appears in Hong Kong because it is too expensive and may cost millions of dollars. Moreover, the housing in Hong Kong is usually apartments and skyscrapers which is different from the ancient China.

imperative to the comprehension of how interior design itself affects the psychological wellbeing of the

Shiro Kuramata (1934-91) was a Japanese designer best known for his furniture and interior design, which gave the modern culture a creative voice. Many will identify with the chair he designed for the Vitra Design Museum in 1987 titled, How High the Moon (fig 1). The piece was inspired by an old jazz song and is part of the permanent collection at New York’s Museum of Modern Art. It is designed as a spacious armchair with woven threads of expanded metal; the piece weighs little more than a leaf, and can withstand robust use . His other works include entire storefronts designed for his friend Issey Miyake, for whom Kuramata created over 100 retail interiors . One of these works is Bergdorf Goodman in New York (fig 2.) designed in 1984 ,

In this essay, I am going to talk about the famous furniture designer George Nelson and his most