Japanese Period

We can see that this desire is very evident, followed by the passion of living and working hard to achieve hopes and dreams. These examples of literature are a huge step in Latino improvement, evolution and fight for freedom. Tomás Rivera also made huge contributions with his life

Jose Antonio Burciaga was born on August of 1940, in El Paso, Texas. In 1966 Mr. Burciaga became a graphic illustrator and moved to California with this wife and began writing critical assessments for numerous newspapers and journals. Arriving at Stanford University, the Burciagaas were integral in helping to develop and support numerous Hispanic organizations including El Centro Chicano, a local Latino student center. Mr. Burciaga is most famous for his mural the “Last Supper of Chicano Heroes”, which he painted at the university with the help of his students. Burciaga is also famous for expressing the flaws of social and political systems and used irony and satire to explore issues of racism and discrimination. (HispanicHeritage.Org). I believe this book was included in the ethnic studies group curriculum because Burciaga was famous for expressing the flaws of the government and politicians and people like Tom Horne saw that as a threat.

Richard Blanco, a famous Cuban-American poet who became the first Latin American, immigrant, and openly gay Inaugural Poet in 2013, wrote a variety of works based off his life and all the things that were going on in it. In Richard Blanco’s, “El Florida Room” and “The First Real San Giving Day”, Blanco provides the readers with a look into his personal life with information about his family and some characteristics of his life. Dealing with many different societal issues due to his culture and even his sexual orientation, Blanco describes what his life was truly like, more specifically geared towards his culture; being Cuban-American. Through his use of a chronological storytelling in his memoir and a reflection on the past in his poem,

1942 In December of 1941, Japan brought the United States into World War II by bombing Pearl Harbor. In response, the American government quickly enacted a number of evacuation orders that sent those of Japanese heritage living in the United States to internment camps. Fear was officially in the states and separating ourselves from the Japanese was our militaries best solution. The precautions brought about by the American government in response to these attacks from Japan can be identified in the short story, “Evacuation Order No. 19”.

Tomas Rivera was a Chicano author, educator, and poet who was most known for his 1971 novel ..y no se lo tragó la tierra. Until the age of twenty-two, he worked alongside his parents as migrant workers and his early life inspired him to write this novel. His life ambitions to give Mexican Americans an opportunity for higher education and writing came true by donating to the Chicano Literary movement. Through the fictional book, ...y no se lo tragó la tierra, Tomás Rivera tells the story of Mexican American migrant workers from the 40’s and 50’s. Made up of fourteen short stories and thirteen vignettes, the book contained a story, The Children Couldn’t Wait, that documented a day in the lives of Mexican American children working in the field.

Upon McKinley’s assassination, a (relatively) young Theodore Roosevelt found himself in the position of President of the United States. A man of action – perhaps unnecessary action- Roosevelt was unafraid of the political consequences of his bold and often unilateral decision making, both domestically and abroad. U.S. governance in the Philippines had already

The Filipino people had helped the US fight the Spanish-American War in hope to gain independence in return. However, instead of gaining independence the Philippines was annexed to the United States on December 10, 1898. When the Filipino’s had found they were going to be ruled over once again they were very unhappy, after all they had helped the US. When Aguinaldo had found out that the Philippines were going to be controlled by the US, he had declared war on the United States.

By showing an example of courage to counter the bravery against the America and their domination which shows that they have no fear and they did not lost their hope in life. Rather, they manage to endure, no matter what comes to their front in the matter of their oppression they still try to fight not just being silent. As the authors pointed out that the league insist about imperialist ideas that “Much as we abhor the war of "criminal aggression" in the Philippines, greatly as we regret that the blood of the Filipinos is on American hands, we more deeply resent the betrayal of American institutions at home.” There is no doubt that the America portrayed a great state but their doing of evil things of killing people is not tolerable to any human history. Also, it hard to find out if the enemy is the own homeland and support the America’s domination as they not only the breaking the trust of the country as they reason for the death of the other

Japanese American internment was ordered in the name of safety, but in reality, as Muller writes, it was a "system of legalized racial oppression." In their quest to determine which interred Japanese Americans should remain in detention, American officials centered on the question of their loyalty, or lack thereof. Muller highlights the myriad

In which they were required to abide to certain rules, such as with the implementation of curfews for all Japanese alike to stay in their residential

The bald red, white, and blue eagle of American Democracy is coming for you Phillipines, run while you can! Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States, was so infatuated with the idea of democracy, and he wanted every country to have a little taste of American freedom! After America's victory in the Spanish American War, George Dewey and his 11,000 American troops marched into manila and were unsure whether to liberate or occupy the filipino people. Thinking the they were here to help, the Filipino rebels trusted the Americans, but were soon betrayed as Dewey decided to occupy the land. The United States had three choices to determine what they wanted to do with the Philippines: Give it back to Spain, Give the filipino people their freedom, or to annex the whole country itself. With much debate ranging from artists, influential citizens, and government officials, the US ultimately decided it would annex! The United States should not have annexed the Philippines but rather should have given them their independence. While others may think the annexation of the Philippines would have benefited them, what the Philippines really needed was

 1942: Occupied by the Japanese  1945: Liberated by American and Filipino forces  1946: Attained independency and founded a democracy

After the war ended in 1902, United States was on a mission to repair the damages that the Philippines had endured; they wanted to win back the trust of its people. President McKinley created laws that gave the Philippines some of the same provisions as America regarding government structure. According to Sonia M. Zaide, an expert Filipino historian, the Philippines was on its way to rebuilding itself:

In the Spanish - speaking Caribbean African themes were presented in a most exotic manner, highlighting African and black identity for artistic inspiration. Prominent writers in this movement include Luis Pales Matos from Puerto Rico and Emillo Ballagas from Cuba. The works of Cuban poet Nicolas Guillen from the 1930's share sentiments with the politics of NEGRITUDE and address issues surrounding the struggle against colonialism. Alejo Carpentier, also of Cuba, achieved recognition with his novels in which he explores the history and sources of Caribbean culture.

“Rizal had a burning desire to know exactly the conditions of the Philippines when the Spaniards came ashore to the islands. His theory was the country was economically self-sufficient and prosperous.  Rizal entertained the idea that it had a lively and vigorous community enriched with the collective and sensitive art and culture of the native population. He