Jaundice Disease

Newborn jaundice is a condition marked by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. The increased bilirubin causes the infant's skin and whites of the eyes (sclera) to look yellow.

One of these symptoms is jaundice, which is characterized by yellowish skin and eyes because of an inability of the liver to remove bilirubin from the blood. Patient with cirrhosis also suffering from itching, due to deposited bile's products in the skin. This patient also suffers from accumulation of fluid in legs that is called edema. As a result of the blockage of blood flow via the liver, fluid accumulation in abdomen which is worsen by the decrease in protein production. Other symptoms include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss and nausea. As the disease progress, complications may develop ,such as varices that happens with cirrhosis patient when the blood flow through the liver slows, so the blood from intestine go back to the vessels of the stomach and esophagus, these vessels are not meant to carry this much of blood so they dilate (varices), with increasing

If there aren't enough red blood cells to carry oxygen, the heart will try to move the small number of cells at a faster rate and overtax itself.

Premature babies sometimes have apnea. It may happen together with a slow heart rate. Respiratory distress syndrome or RDS is a breathing problem most common in babies born before 34 weeks of pregnancy.” Babies with RDS don’t have a protein called surfactant that keeps small air sacs in the lungs from collapsing. “Intraventricular hemorrhage or IVH is bleeding in the brain. It usually happens near the ventricles in the center of the brain. A ventricles is a space in the brain that’s filled with fluid. Patent ductus ateriosus or PDA is a heart problem that happens in the connection between two major blood vessels near the heart. If the ductus do not close properly after birth, a baby can have breathing problems or heart failure. Heart failure is when enough blood can’t get pumped into the heart causing it to shut down. Necrotizing enter colitis (NEC) is a problem with a baby’s intestines. It causes feeding problems, a swollen belly and diarrhea. It sometimes happens 2 to 3 weeks after a premature bay has been born. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye. ROP can lead to vision loss. Jaundice is when a baby's eyes and skin look yellow. A baby has jaundice when his liver isn't fully developed or isn't working well. Anemia is when a baby doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the rest of the body. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung condition that can develop in premature babies as well as babies who have treatment with a breathing machine. Babies with BPD sometimes develop fluid in the lungs, scarring and lung damage. Premature babies often have trouble fighting off germs because their immune systems are not fully formed. Infections that may affect a premature baby include pneumonia, a lung infection; sepsis, a blood infection; and meningitis, an infection in the fluid around the brain and

Some blood disorders can be prevented while there are others that are out of a person’s hands and have to live with a blood disorder for a life time. It is essential to know the causes of hereditary disease and know how to treat them. It is also important to know what can be done to “cure” other blood disorders and what preventive measures need to be taken in order to stop history from repeating itself. Iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia, and purpura simplex are just a few blood disorders that people suffer from that are either inherited or can be prevented.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, is the disease that affects children the most and because of the abnormal cells that are immature white blood cells which cannot help the body fight infections cause children with the disease to often get infections and have fevers (National Cancer Institute, 2002, p. 1). The symptoms that the patient with ALL may have depend on the number of abnormal cells of the patient where exactly the cells collect. Children patients with ALL have low amounts of healthy red blood cells and platelets, which cause less oxygen to be carried through the body because of the lack of red blood cells. Patients at times may look pale, feel weak, and tired causing bleeding and bruising very easily because of their lack of enough platelets. This condition is called anemia. Anemia is very much common in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Fever, fatigue, bone or joint pain, tiny red spots under the skin called petechiae are a couple of symptoms that the disease ALL has. Headaches with, or without vomiting also may occur if patient happens to have abnormal cells collecting in the brain or spinal cord (National Cancer Institute, 2002 para. 2).

The liver produces bile which contains conjugated bilirubin. It is then sent to the gallbladder, and it has to be excreted properly from there. However, the gallstones are blocking the way, which makes it hard for the bilirubin to get out, and results in a build-up. This leads to jaundice, which occurs when one has and excessive amount of bilirubin.

Red blood cells are called erythrocytes. Erythrocytes is a cell that travels in the blood. The blood consists of four major parts including red blood cells. Blood is a fluid that is inhuman in order to survive. There are different purposed for the red blood cells that are used to keep the body healthy. Red blood cells have a protein that carries more oxygen molecules from the lungs to the body. Hemoglobin leaves the body and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs. Without out this, people will not survive. When the red blood cell pass through the blood vessels in your body the cell forms a shape of a round shape like a donut. It the center it looks flat. Red blood cells have a lack of the nucleus and survive about 120 days. Red blood cell needs to be replaced by fresh ones daily.

Discuss home management of mild or moderate physiological jaundice, including increased feedings, exposure to indirect sunlight (checking infant frequently), and follow-up serum testing.

Sickle Cell Anemia is a fatal hereditary illness, in which there is insufficient amount of red blood cells to to carry the right amount of oxygen throughout the body. In the United States people with Sickle Cell Anemia is that of an African Descent or would classify themselves as black.

G6PD deficiency is a genetic disease. G6PD protects red blood cells from potentially harmful substances that can accumulate when a person takes certain medications or when the immune system is fighting an infection. G6PD also helps the body process carbohydrates and turn them into energy.A deficiency in G6PD can cause hemolytic anemia, usually after exposure to certain triggers such as medications, foods, or even infections. Without enough G6PD to protect them, Red Blood Cellss can be damaged or destroyed. Hemolytic anemia occurs when the body sustains too much damage for the bone marrow (soft interior of bones which prodeuces red blood cells) to repair.

Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) is a rare chronic disease, different from typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Typical HUS is caused by bacteria, specifically E. Coli (“Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)”, 2016; Noris & Remuzzi, 2010). It can be treated, and most children will have a full recovery (“Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)”, 2016). aHUS can develop in two forms: familial or sporadic, that affect both children and adults, making it difficult to diagnose (Noris & Remuzzi, 2010; NORD, 2016). Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is distinguished by three main manifestations: hemolytic anemia (destruction of RBC), thrombocytopenia (low platelets), and uremia NORD, 2016; Loirat & Fremeaux-Bacci, 2011; Biermann, 2017; Kaplan,

Favism, a condition affecting around 400 million people worldwide is an enzyme deficiency. This enzyme is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or G6PD. G6PD is important because it prevents blood cells from getting destroyed by chemical elements. When a person has G6PD deficiency their blood cells break down causing a loss of red blood cells. People with G6PD deficiency is also likely to be diagnosed with hemolytic anemia which is the result of the early breakdown of red blood cells. Hemolytic anemia can cause weakness, fatigue and if it is left untreated kidney failure, heart failure, and possibly

In a hypertonic solution, the red blood cells will shrink and be destroyed, as water diffuse out of them.

Hemophilia is a problem with the blood in a person that causes them to bleed not any faster than normal, but they often bleed for a longer period. Their blood is missing the clotting factor (a protein in the bloodstream that works to control bleeding). Hemophilia is quite rare; roughly 1 in every 10,000 persons are born with it. Rarely, hemophilia can be an acquired disease which just means a person is not born with it, but will develop it during their lifetime. This rarity occurs when a person's immune system forms antibodies that attack the clotting factor in the blood. The entire antibody population fights against the blood to prevent the clotting factors from working properly.