Jawlock Research Paper

A vaccination is an injection of a weakened strain of an infectious microbe or pathogen that causes the body to undergo artificial active immunity (vaccines.gov). The Influenza vaccine is “taken from an influenza virus that has been grown in embryonic hens’ eggs, highly purified and then killed.” Once the antigen enters the body, through an injection or by mouth, a macrophage recognises it as foreign. It engulfs the pathogen and displays the viral antigen on its surface. This actives helper T cells which recognise the antigen on the macrophage. Helper T cells then activates cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which kill infected cells and produce memory T-cells. B-lymphocytes are also activated; some of which are divided into memory B-cells that remember

Underlying Human Biology: A vaccine is used to help members of the public have a immunity to a specific pathogen it does this by triggering the person's immune system to produce its own antibodies because the immune system reacts as if it actually has the pathogen when it doesn't, This is know as active immunity. This is used so if the person that received the vaccination and they come into contact with what they were vaccinated against then their immune system will react knowing how to overcome it much faster with fewer symptoms showing up. The Vaccine contains either An inactivated

Rotavirus causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines; it effects infants and young children often causing severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and dehydration. Tetanus toxoids (lock Jaw), pertussis (whooping cough), and diphtheria which is described as a thick covering in the back of the throat, are all included in the TDaP vaccine. Diphtheria may lead to breathing difficulties, paralysis, heart failure, and even death. The hemophilus influenza type B vaccine which prevents meningitis (an infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord), pneumonia, and epiglottitis (a severe throat infection). Pneumococcal vaccine protects against streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria which can cause severe ear infections and meningitis.

Combination padlocks are most commonly used anywhere that provide lockers. There are many different brands of combination padlocks but each of them are roughly the same design they can be as simple or as complexed as wanted. This lock is simple to use and has very few parts. Usually when using a combination padlock you will have a set of three random numbers to dial in. The highest number that the combination will go to is 35 and the lowest number is zero.

Through the understanding of infectious diseases, researchers have been able to create several types of vaccines to help prevent a variety of life-threatening illnesses. Scientists develop immunizations using different techniques to treat diseases. These types include: live, killed, toxoids, subunit, and conjugate vaccines. Vaccinations that are the live type use a specific process which when administered will expose the patient to the actual disease, but in a much

Although there is no cure, there are treatments and shots that are available to prevent getting this disease. Your doctor may give you antitoxin, which is a tetanus immune globulin (Mayo Clinic). You may also receive antibiotics from your doctor, either given to you by injection or by mouth. Doctors use these powerful narcotics to prevent and control the muscle spasms that occur, or may occur, when tetanus is present in one’s body. When you go see your doctor about tetanus, it is important to let you doctor know when, where, and how you received the injury or wound, how you’ve been caring for the wound, and chronic illnesses you may have, and when you received your last tetanus vaccine shot. The tetanus vaccine is a series of five shots, which are usually given in the thigh or arm to children at the ages of two months, four months, six months, 15-18 months, and four to six years. After those series of five shots, it is best to have a tetanus shot every five years to protect yourself from getting the infection (Starlin, Tetanus). Personally, my mom likes to get me one every two to three years just to play it safe so we know that I won’t get tetanus. Once the tetanus has bonded onto your nerves, it is impossible to remove from your body. To recover from tetanus, it is required that you grow new nerve endings, which can take up to several months to recover. Risk factors of tetanus, if it is not treated, include broken bones, disability, and death

There were 13.4 cases for every 100,000. (Long, 1954). During World War II (recorded from 1942-45), there were 2,734,819 admissions for injury, and only 12 cases of tetanus. There were only .44 cases per 100,000 injuries recorded. (Long, 1954). This can be attributed to the increased production of tetanus toxoid and immunization of soldiers. The proven effectiveness of the vaccine solidified its use in preventing the exotoxins released into the body by Clostridium tetani. (NEJM, 1947). There were cases of tetanus where the patient had gotten the vaccine administered to them, but “protection from tetanus by active immunization is based on the immunologic preparation of the individual”. (Long, 1954). Of the 12 cases of tetanus recorded, 6 of the patients who had acquired tetanus did not have any active immunization of tetanus toxoid, 2 had the basic three injections, and 4 had both the basic immunization and stimulating injections during emergency. (Long, 1954).References

I'm President of Chatfield's Key Club. At our last officer meeting, my fellow officers expressed interest in setting up a booth for the bonfire to raise both awareness and money for the Eliminate project. I'm extremely passionate about this project and can go on a rant about it, but I'll try my absolute hardest to give you a quick little summary:

A vaccine works by tricking the body’s immune system into creating antibodies that fight an innocuous form of the virus. The antibodies then remain in the body, and if the person encounters the real virus, they are protected against it. The history of vaccines actually goes as far back as 200BC India or China, when it was discovered that some diseases do not infect those who have already been infected by it. This discovery led people to infect themselves with inoculated matter, thus protecting them from the disease. The first vaccine dates back to 1796 when Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine using a weakend version of the cowpox disease. The concept of vaccinations through inoculation is considered by many to be one of the great science revelations of the 20th century.

Active artificially acquired immunity is induced by a vaccine which is a substance that has antigens, the vaccine stimulates the primary response

Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material to stimulate an individual 's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. In simpler words, a vaccination is the injection of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity in the body against that organism. The immune system is the body 's defense against

Vaccinations are produced by developing a live, but weakened or inactive form of a disease. This weakened form of the disease, is then introduced into the body via injection, inhalation, or ingestion. Providing the body with this inactive version of the disease, the body’s natural defense mechanisms are triggered and begin creating antibodies against the disease, which in turn, allows

Today, there are roughly one hundred vaccines licensed for immunization and distribution in the U.S. Out of the one hundred, they are classified as either passive or active immunizations. In passive immunization, antibodies against a specific infectious organism are given directly to a person. These antibodies are obtained from several sources. The

Vaccines and vaccinations are two different things. A product that produces immunity from a disease and can be administered through needle injections, by mouth, or by aerosol is called a vaccine (Basics). The injection of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity in the body against that organism is a vaccination (Basics). A vaccine can help prevent many different and serious diseases. When you get a vaccine it will work with your body to try and protect it. When a vaccine enters your body it will create a complex system of cells and organs that evolve to fight off infectious microbes inside of your immune system (Basics). Much of the immune system’s work is carried out by a group of different specialized cells, each type designed

Tetanus is an infection caused by the Clostridium tetani bacteria, also written C. tetani. The C. tatani bacterium is gram-positive and shaped like a slender rod, once it has developed a terminal spore it may resemble a drumstick (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). The actual bacteria are heat sensitive and cannot survive when there is oxygen present, the spores on the other hand are very heat resistant and can survive the presence of oxygen (CDC, 2015). Cases of tetanus continue to shrink in the United States and other developed countries thanks to the availability of the tetanus vaccination; however, in underdeveloped countries tetanus is still a major problem. Tetanus presents with various visible signs and symptoms which may vary based on the type of tetanus. The type of tetanus will also determine the methods used to treat the infection.