The administration of President George Washington faced a wealth of difficulties at the outset of the 1790’s—many stemming from a not-altogether inaccurate perception the United States federal government lacked the cohesion and capital to ward off threats both abroad (Britain’s rapacity being most worrisome) and on the continent, as hostile Indian tribes continually menaced frontier settlers—particularly in the area of Western Pennsylvania. The national debt rose to fifty-four million dollars by 1791—in part because the federal government assumed the debts of the states incurred during the Revolutionary War—seriously impinging upon the administration’s ability to address domestic concerns as well as establish credible foreign policy and relations. Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, being an ardent admirer of the British public …show more content…
Hamilton himself anticipated the outcry beforehand noting the tax would “produce clamor, evasion, and war on our own citizens to collect it.” Washington’s Cabinet also felt the “clamor” as Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson denounced the tax, stating, “It would arouse murmurings against taxes and tax-gatherers…could only be enforced by arbitrary and vexatious means.” This paper will examine the nature of the dissatisfaction with Hamilton’s tax, the increasingly vociferous and progressively violent protest against the tax that culminated in the Whiskey Rebellion, the discord between Hamilton and Jefferson that bedeviled Washington’s administration and Washington’s eventual decision to use a militia force—greater in number than any army he commanded during the Revolutionary War—against those spurred to rebellion by, in his estimation, treasonous democratic societies, in order to “reduce the refractory to a due subordination to the
Thomas Jefferson vs Alexander Hamilton Frenemies: Informative Essay Two competing political parties have always existed throughout the United States. One seeking to increase the power of the government and the other one seeking to decrease the government's power. Thomas Jefferson was the Secretary of State during George Washington's Presidency, while Alexander Hamilton was a financial planner. Thomas Jefferson believed that National government power could be curbed through a strict interpretation of the Constitution while Alexander Hamilton believed the government could be strengthened through a loose interpretation of the Constitution.
In the history of America, Thomas Jefferson, the Secretary of State, and Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury, were two of the greatest leaders of our country. Although they both lead the country, that's where the similarities end as they had opposing views on everything. Jefferson was a republican while Hamilton was a federalist. Jefferson had been opposed to all of Hamilton's ideas, such as his financial plan, his interpretation of the powers of the government, his foreign policy, and his vision for the future of America. Jefferson was against Hamilton's views because his financial plan would ultimately destroy democracy in America, his interpretation of the powers of
Though both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson served as members of President Washington’s cabinet, the two held very different views on the newly founded U.S. government, interpretation of its constitution, and the role of the “masses” in that government. These conflicting views would develop in two political parties, the Federalists led by Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson. Although both political parties presented enticing aspects, Hamilton’s views were much more reasonable and fruitful when compared Jefferson’s views; idealistic and too strict in reference to the constitution.
April 13, 1743 Albemarle County in the English colony of Virginia was the start of an American historical giant. Thomas Jefferson was born in affluence to his father, Peter Jefferson, a rising young planter in the Virginia colony, and his mother, Jane Randolph, who held a high status within the colony as well. Due to his father’s prosperity Jefferson was afforded the absolute best in the ways of education, starting with private tutors at the age of five, then moving on to learn how to read Greek and Roman in there original text and finally taking his studies to the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg which he would say is “…what probably fixed the destinies of my life…” pg 5. On the other side of the spectrum, a few years later
As the Revolutionary War ended, the United States faced a completely new set of challenges. Now the United States had to shift focus from gaining independence from England to gaining their own financial security. The newly formed country had to figure out a way to pay for the war debt incurred by the colonies. In order to do this, the Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, convinced congress and the president that a tax on whiskey would be able to provide the revenue needed to repay the debts. However, the tax on whiskey was met with heavy resistance. To Hamilton, the tax was only “a few dollars a year for the average small distillery” but for the Frontiersmen it was an attack on their way of life. The resistance to the tax, the
Whose side would you have been on in the 1790s, Thomas Jefferson’s or Alexander Hamilton’s? Both of these men served under George Washington in the first presidential cabinet, yet they had very different views of what government should be (Davis 86). My objective in this research essay is to inform the reader of why there was so much controversy between these two founding fathers, and to determine which side had the better views for our newly forming country.
Federalist’s views on economy were based off internal and foreign connections. Internally, Hamilton’s economic plan included three main parts- paying off all war debts, raising government taxes, and creating a national bank. This plan would result in the nation’s debt, which was a result of the Revolution, being paid in full by the wealthier states paying states debts for the poorer states. This was not accepted because the richer southern states disagreed to pay for the poorer northern states. Another plan by Hamilton was to tax farmer who made alcohol, resulting in funds to pay off the nations debt. Most of these farming citizens where part of the opposing Republican Party who strongly disagreed with the new tax causing the Whiskey Rebellion. Internationally, Hamilton wanted a strong economic relationship with Great Britain. He developed the Jay Treaty that insured a diplomatic agreement from peaceful trading with Britain. The Jay Treaty included decisions of debt payments, country boundaries, and Britain occupation of forts in newly independent America. Hamilton believed in a strong central economy that was aided by foreign affairs and national strength.
Hamilton and Jefferson were both appointed to Washington's cabinet. Hamilton was the secretary of the treasury and Jefferson became the secretary of state. Creating a cabinet was only one of several precedents set by Washington in areas where the Constituton was silent or unclear.
Hamilton steps forth into the battle by noting Jefferson's work on the Declaration of Independence, but mocking him by saying he is so behind the times, stuck in his venture of France while missing the combat of the Revolution. Thus, Hamilton places doubt on Jefferson as a protector of American citizen values as he wasn't there for the important point of the country's beginning. Hamilton also mocks Jefferson's statement of him being part of the eerier of southern growers of products, saying that he was not the one doing the dirty, manual labor but his slaves. The battle comes to an end by Washington, who is interested in his proposal that could help America's economy stand on two legs. However, Hamilton would have to reach a compromise with others like Jefferson and Madison in order to get enough support for this plan. While doing so, Jefferson and Madison mock Hamilton for his “failure.” Hamilton would have to combine his proposal of a national bank and ways to combat national debt, through methods such as taxes in a way that could appeal to opponents of his “northern, baker, more federal powered” approach to stabilizing the national debt. If he can't have a great compromise that could help out America's economic woes in an appealing to both Northerns and Southerners, farmers and bankers alike, Washington would have to relieve Hamilton of his duties in the
Slaughter divides The Whiskey Rebellion into three principal sections entitled Context, Chronology, and Consequence. The first section begins with a comprehensive assessment of the anti-excise tradition which follows late seventeenth-century British philosophy and traces its progression from Walpole's excise battle in 1733, through the Stamp Act crisis of 1764 and on through the Anti-Federalist account of the tax provisions of the Constitution of 1787. In the second section, Slaughter details the debate over the excise, its implementation and the outbreak of both peaceful and violent opposition to it; opposition that occurred not only in Pennsylvania but along the entire frontier. In his final section, and with a trace of personal bias, Slaughter describes the outbreak of violence in the summer of 1794 for which he holds John Neville largely accountable. Slaughter continues in the final section with Hamilton and Washington deciding to make an example of western Pennsylvania despite the fact that the excise had gone uncollected all along the frontier, and the Watermelon Army fiasco which the Federalists
In 1791, under the advisement of Alexander Hamilton, congress passed the whiskey tax. This tax, put a twenty-five percent tax on whiskey. Hamilton created this tax in hopes of the federal government gaining more money to help pay of the nation’s debt. However, in doing so, this angered many people, especially farmers in western Pennsylvania, because they distilled the extra grain they had to make whiskey and sell it to make extra income. These small operations in western Pennsylvania rebelled by erecting liberty poles and taring and feathering tax collectors. George Washington, who was president during this time, saw the outburst and decided to take action against the angered farmers. Washington gathered about 13,000 men from the militia to put an end to this rebellion. In doing so, Washington showed that the government help the power over the citizens. In The Whiskey Rebellion, by Thomas Slaughter, he describes different consequences that arise from the whiskey tax. Slaughter presents three main points, which include conflicts between the east and west, two political systems that begin to develop, and the actual rebellion.
On June 21st of 1788 the United States of America was an optimistic place to live. The newly formed country had officially ratified their Constitution on this date, and within a year George Washington would become its first President. These events signified an unofficial end to the American Revolution, which had its start in part, because Americans had rejected the notion of taxation without representation. This modern form of government, however, did, have some problems it needed to deal with. Unable to levy taxes in previous years the federal government had found itself deep in debt. This federal debt also included all the states debt as well (Chernow, 2004, 297). The government desperately needed to find a source of revenue to pay off
Different people have different outlooks on how the nation should be ran and how our economy should produce our money. For instance two great presidents have two different outlooks on how our economy and our politics should work. Thomas Jefferson wanted an economy based on small family owned farms, while Hamilton on the other hand wanted to manufacturer and produce as much as possible in factories. Both of their plans for the economy have many strong points, but they also have some weak points.
In the years following the Revolutionary War, Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had a number of conflicting philosophies on how best to run the young nation. Most important of all was determining the role and responsibilities of the federal government. Hamilton, a Federalist, was an advocate of a strong national government controlled by the wealthy with the power to tax and regulate commerce; Jefferson, who grew up on a Virginia plantation, championed states' rights and a laissez-faire policy, placing faith in the common people to shape the future of America.