Jennifer Bumgardner Analysis

speaks exclusively about the different “waves” of feminism. The first and second wave are often coupled with the abolition of slavery and the civil rights movement respectively. This is so because many women were petitioning for these things and then realizing that they themselves do not have these simple freedoms. This thinking sparked the women’s movement. The first wave had one ultimate goal of attaining citizenship for women, most importantly the right to vote, which was achieved in August of 1920. The Second wave valued the equality of men and women. The Third wave was about bring feminism everywhere one went instead of mass movements. The fourth wave, which we are in right now, has become much more modernized with the creation of social media, which helps the word spread faster leading to change

In choosing for this research project I have decided to challenge the ethical problem of the shortcomings of feminism. There has been much debate over feminism, the questioning of its purpose, its design, its inclusiveness, it is stance on other matters that connect to it. In a quest in finding the shortcomings, and bringing them to light. Using other essays as sources I plan to make this bibliography a journey into the scope not just feminism, but the history of feminism, intersectional feminism, the wage gap, and what defines a feminist. We will take into account of all aspects of feminism and how authors of some essays included have offered their

After women won the right to vote, the second wave of feminism began in the 1960s and continued on to the 90’s. This wave was highly associated with the anti-war and civil rights movement and the movement started growing conscious to a variety of minority groups all over the world. Out of three waves, the second wave’s voice was increasingly radical and theoretical as sexuality and reproductive rights were dominant issues. Protest began in Atlantic City in 1968 and 1969 against the Miss America Pageant. Many activists thought it to be a degrading “cattle parade” that reduced women to only objects produced by the patriarchy. Along with fighting against sexism in cartoons and politics, second wave feminists found their voice among other movements such as Civil Rights and the Anti-War movement. While the first wave was fought by middle class white women, the second wave invited and incorporated women of color and developing nations demonstrating that race, class, and gender oppression were all related and seeking sisterhood and solidarity (Rampton).

Feminism is often used as an umbrella term describing many different strains of similar ideologies and movements. It classifies the Suffragette movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, to Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique, to today’s initiatives for equal pay. Considering what “feminism” has represented throughout many different moments in history, it is easy to understand why feminists often disagree about what the ideology actually represents. What is the nature of sexism? What qualifies as injustice against women? What is the most effective method of bringing about social change? To better understand these questions, some scholars classify feminism into several “waves”, representing the main goals of feminists relative to the time period.

The feminist movement is usually defined in three ‘waves’. The first wave of feminism took place in the nineteenth century. During this time, women were dominated by white middle and upper class Anglo-American women, women of color were excluded. The second wave began in the 1960s, this wave focused on addressing social groups among women based on their race. Feminist attempted to make the issue between women and race aware but resulted in a fragmentation of feminism. The main focus was to pass the Equal Rights Amendment to the

She continued on with precise detail by saying, “Because the course centered on the question ‘Is feminism dead?’ and used that question as a springboard for the exploration of non-Western feminisms, when designing the course I began by giving students a brief review of the history of U.S. feminisms,” (Masterson 121).

“First wave” of feminism in 1920 advocated women’s suffrage, whereas the “Second wave” targets the societal issues that women in the 21st century are facing. Betty Friedan wrote The Feminists Mystique after World War II exposing female repression and later founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) which ignited the second wave of the feminist movement. Consequently, it became noticeable that women were in multiple wars, as a result branches of feminists were formed (i.e. Liberalist, Marxist, and Socialist). Misogyny’s evolution has its own significant role in the feminist movement, stirring conversations today that affect feminist ideologies. However, in order to fully comprehend what affects second wave feminism along with the tactics utilized by feminists, one must first become acquainted with the many forms.

Using Stanford's Encyclopedia of Philosophy, feminism is defined as "...both an intellectual commitment and a political movement that seeks justice for women and the end of sexism in all forms. " It is important to note that there are several definitions that feminism covers with arguments being made of what sexism consists of and the measures needed to be taken. However it can be generally agreed that it stands as a belief "...motivated by the quest for social justice, feminist inquiry [that] provides a wide range of perspectives on social, cultural, economic, and political phenomena." Now the feminism wave model consists of three waves. The first wave feminism began in the mid 19th century up until the 19th amendment where women were fighting for basic political rights. During the 1960's to 1970's, second wave feminism occurred as a fight for greater equality across areas such as education, work, and at home. And from the 2000s to today, the third wave of feminism is the fight for a greater importance in identity. This is largely a bigger focus on the interconnected features including race, religion, nationality, and gender. These views are what stands out the most as feminists continue to put more emphasis and recognition of intersectional feminism. With that, gender equality can further expand so that women can be given

For example, Gorman writes about dates in history that are crucial to the feminist movement, while also subtly including her opinions on the matter. The fact that a book written by Betty Friedan, called The Feminine Mystique, was a bestseller in the 1960s is backed up by Gorman’s opinion that the book was “what sparked the modern feminist movement”. The author’s tone is mainly formal throughout the article, which contributes to a mature style. It is set up as broad topic headings with an expansion of details in the paragraph below. The target audience is for high school students, based on the word choice and

Feminism are seen through waves. These waves are big movements in women’s rights throughout history. The first wave was in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Elizabeth Stanton, a mother and wife, invited four friends for tea and started the first women’s rights activist

Feminism has a rich history dating back as long as the written word. Even before what is classically known as the ‘first wave’ of feminism, works on gender equality were being published (although

The word feminism first appeared in France and the Netherlands in 1872, and by 1910 it had spread all over the world. The feminism is defined as “the advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of political, social and economic equality to men”. The feminist movement is divided into three “waves”

I came into this class not knowing much about feminism, and was eager to learn more. With feminism being so profound in today’s world, I was curious what it was all about. Reading “Feminism is For Everybody”, it opened my eyes to all the different views on feminism. Being a guy, I resonated most with the type of feminism that states that “men are not the enemy.” Hooks, B. (2015). Feminism is for everybody: passionate politics. New York, NY: Routledge. “Liberal feminism is part of this liberal tradition and explains the oppression of women in terms of unequal access to political, economic, and social institutions. Kirk, G., & Okazawa-Rey, M. (2013). Womens lives: multicultural perspectives. New York: McGraw-Hill. Like most types of feminism,

Feminist theory analyzes the gender inequality that women have faced throughout the years due to a patriarchal society. Women were expected to fit the traditional female and conform to the gender norms that society has constructed. According to A Brief Introduction to Critical Theory, “Feminism embodies a way of reading that investigates the text’s investment in or reaction to the patriarchal power structures that have dominated Western culture” (227). Patriarchal power has oppressed women economically, socially, and politically. Women were associated more with domesticity than with politics and financial situations. They were not provided the same educational opportunities as men. These issues have been addressed by people, such as Mary

Feminism is distinguished by three waves: first wave (19th century to early 20th century), second wave (1960s-1980s), and the