Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, The Arab-Israeli conflict began in earnest. As the years went on and the conflict escalated it gradually shifted from a large scale Arab–Israeli issue to the more personal Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The issue that divided both parties is primarily a territorial concern based on secular belief. Zionists belief that God had made a covenant with the Jewish people to return them to the Land of Canaan or the Biblical Promise land (Christian Zionists share
Prior to the arrival of Nationalism and nationalist movements in the 19th century, Ottoman suzerainty over its non-Muslim subjects in the Mediterranean and its European territories (Balkans and Caucasus) rested on religious identification as the cornerstone of society within the Ottoman Empire. The success and resilience of the empire derived its legitimacy from the flexibility and willingness to accommodate and respect local customs and religions in exchange for taxes (Jyzhia) and pledges of loyalty
The rise of Zionism and Arab Nationalism in the nineteenth century triggered major political tensions in the region of Palestine. The conflict among the Zionists and Arab Nationalists is primarily due to the politics of territory and is essentially not comprised of religious opposition. In fact, before the advent of Zionism and Arab Nationalism, Jews and Palestinians shared a local identity due to mutual tolerances. This identity, which took precedence over religion, created a vivacious community
the ghetto and into citizenship in West Europe. This was a slow process done in backward Russia where most Jews lived. Earlier outbursts against the Jews were connected to the fight to convert them. The new nationalism of Europe saw Jews as a racially distinct and impure people. Nationalism is an
destroyed or enveloped nations, states or empires. Examples of these include the Final War of the Roman Republic, which culminated with the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE, to the Franco-Prussian War of 1871 which created a unified German state. However, World War One is known to have had the greatest impact on human civilization. It dragged in almost every continent into the conflict, halted global trade, led to the demolition of four empires, and gave nationalism everywhere a boost. One interesting
Israeli, Palestinian Conflict Lets begin as most historians do, in the late 19th century. The Ottoman empire ruled over what is now called Palestine. The population there, according to Ottoman records from 1878 was 87% muslim, 10% christian and 3% jewish. Everyone spoke arabic as the daily language and in Jerusalem the religious population was about equal. To give you a sense of life in the Ottoman Empire, an arab orthodox christian musician named Wasif Jawhariyyeh grew up in Jerusalem in the first
concise description of the region’s demography and territory with the intent to define the limits of what is interpreted as Middle East. Successively I will provide a brief summary of the history and evolution of the area from the fall of the Roman Empire to the second half of the twentieth century, highlighting the fundamental events and factors that have signed the constitution of the region as we know it. I am then going to describe the main forms of government that have characterized the generation
The Armenian Genocide was the systematic killing where over one and a half million Armenians were killed in the hands of the Ottoman Empire. The primary cause of the genocide was the Committee of Union and Progress, specifically Talaat Pasha, Enver Pasha, and Djemal Pasha, due to their trans-nationalistic ideas of a nation for only the Turks. Armenians have been living in Turkey for thousands of years, even before the establishment of the Sultanate of Rum, the first Turkish establishment in the
Arab Nationalism, showcase the emerging question of identity during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Arab states, long ruled by Western colonial powers, emerged from the Mandate system weak and powerless. Why British troops did not leave Palestine until May 1st, 1948. Prior to this, the British proclaimed their support for a Jewish state through the Balfour Declaration (1917). In 1947 the United Nations released resolution no. 181 which created two states, one Palestinian-Arab, and one Jewish, leaving
Nationalism is a universal idea that characterizes the modern world. It provides a sense of “identity” for a group of people that share a common language and culture. Nationalism “is the creative force, the binding influence, and the source of dynamic action in the body politic of the modern state” (Hoskins 1952, 5). It joins the people together so that they can effectively share the necessary aspects of a culture - language, traditions, and beliefs - with one another. Its importance can be paralleled