John Bowlby And Ainsworth Attachment Theory

Precious is a movie based on the novel Push by Sapphire (Daniels and Fletcher, 2008). It is on the life of an illiterate 16 year old African American girl, Claireece “Precious” Jones. (Natividad, 2010). I have applied John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory and Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development on the film. These theories helped identify an understanding of the characters, family group, and community in the film. I have primarily assessed Precious as the chosen character. This paper will analyze the many factors in assessing her human behavior.

John Bowlby had worked with residential school children as a volunteer early on in his career and had determined that the children who suffered the most from anger outbursts, aggressivity, and whom her termed “affectionless” were also the children who had suffered the most maternal deprivation (). Bowlby advanced that the loss of the mother figure was extremely distressing and damaging and could influence adults' behavior years later. Hence, where psychoanalysis had been concerned “solely with the imaginings of the childish mind, the fantasied pleasures and the dreaded retributions” (Fonagy), Bowlby showed that humans do not develop in a void or as “individual monads” but as members of interacting systems. Bowlby developed his theory on attachment for several decades, and at a time where any dealings with childhood trauma were still rigorously influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis through the likes of psychoanalysts such Anna Freud or Melanie Klein. Even Winnicott was “revulsed” upon reading Bowlby's papers (siegel). It certainly was a bitter pill to swallow for psychoanalysts who had been repeating since Freud that the newborn was a little tyrant fighting for oral gratification at the mother's breast and merely clinging on to fulfil sexual instinctual needs. Bowlby's work was thus eschewed for a considerable time, despite his involvement with the World Health Organisation and the considerable empirical weight that was added to his findings by Mary Ainsworth's studies in

John Bowlby created the theory of attachment, this is where he believed that the earliest bonds formed by babies with their parents/care gives have a tremendous impact of their relationships/attachments towards people in their continuous life. Also Bowlby believe that the attachment bond is to keep the infants close to their mother, this is to improve the child’s chances in survival. What is attachment? This is a strong affectionate tie with special people which young babies will make in the early stage of their life e.g. an attachment towards their mum and dad.

D1 – 1.1 & 1.2 The attachment theory was examined by theorists' john Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. They both examined the impact of attachment and how it affected behavior. "Bowlby believed that attachment behaviors were inherent survival mechanisms designed to protect an infant or child from predators." He theorised that children who have a secure attachment with their parents or caretaker, as Bowlby said 'were more likely survive into adulthood'. However, children who have abusive parent or doesn't have the needed attachment with the caretaker then the child will struggle to form a relationship in the future.

Attachment is a carefully constructed bond which is built on trust, love, and compassion between two or more people. The attachment theory in psychology arose due to the work of John Bowlby. In the early 20th century during the 1930’s, Bowlby was a psychiatrist at the Child Guidance Clinic in London, England in which he treated emotionally disturbed children from a variety of different experiences. His experience in the hospital in London caused him to view a child’s relationship with his mother in terms of development in emotion abilities, social abilities, and cognitive abilities. This led to the creation and theorization of the attachment theory of the bond between a mother and her child.

Susanna starts her journey when her parents sent her to a therapist because of her fatal suicide. The doctor concluded Susanna with: “Severe depression and hopelessness and suicidal ideas” (Kaysen 13) which sent her to McLean Hospital. Some may claim that Susanna’s parents made the right choice of sending her to McLean since she was depressed and tried to commit suicide it would be the only rational explanation for her parents to do. Susanna did needed help however her parents were selfish and imprudent. This was during the 1960s, and Susanna parents were wealthy, respected, and diplomatic people.

Attachment theory would be the theory that best connects with my family policy Child Custody. Attachment theory states that a strong emotional and physical attachment to at least one primary caregiver is critical to personal development. John Bowlby first coined the term as a result of his studies involving the developmental psychology of children from various backgrounds. Attachment theory is the foundational theory in developmental research, relying on the work of Bowlby and Ainsworth.

Attachment is the psychological and emotional connection experienced between living things, and acts as a medium that “connects one person to another person across time and space”(Mcleod, 2009). Attachment is not only limited to existing in human beings but has been seen in grown mammals and their young offspring. Although it may seem that attachment can be mutually shared, Mcleod (2009) found that “attachment does not have to be reciprocal”. There has been numerous research and studies done on the topic of attachment, but most of the credit behind attachment studies goes to John Bowlby. John Bowlby expanded on the research of Freud’s theories about love and was the psychoanalyst who coined the term ‘attachment. He believed that attachment styles in early childhood affect adults and their future relationships. His theory strongly suggested that children come into this world with an innate desire to form an attachment with others, in order to survive. Mcleod (2009) found that “attachment can be understood within an evolutionary context in that the caregiver provides safety and security for the infant”.

Attachment Theory, made known by John Bowlby, is a theory dissecting the behaviourisms of humans and animals with others and the reasoning behind them. Bowlby created three main types of attachment one may experience with another. The first type of attachment is secure attachment. This attachment entails that the mother and the child have a healthy emotional bond. For this to happen, the mother and or father comfort the baby by means of “bodily centric and verbal communication” (Boyd, 2013).

John Bowlby’s attachment theory established that an infant’s earliest relationship with their primary caregiver or mother shaped their later development and characterized their human life, “from the cradle to the grave” (Bowlby, 1979, p. 129). The attachment style that an infant develops with their parent later reflects on their self-esteem, well-being and the romantic relationships that they form. Bowlby’s attachment theory had extensive research done by Mary Ainsworth, who studied the mother-infant interactions specifically regarding the theme of an infant’s exploration of their surrounding and the separation from their mother in an experiment called the strange situation. Ainsworth defined the four attachment styles: secure,

The child’s relationship with his parents is an attachment while as the parents’ is more of an affectional bond. Emotions such as love, grief and sadness due to separation are all part of attachment. Many psychologists talked about attachment. But the strongest theory in the study of parent and child relationships is the attachment theory which was first mastered by John Bowlby and later developed by Mary Ainsworth.

Attachment refers to an affectional bond; a bond which is exclusive to an individual and cannot be exchanged to another. A particularly important bond is the emotional one between an infant and its primary care giver. When it comes to attachment it is often said that it is either down to nature or nurture. Nature is the belief that it is genetic based whilst nurture believes it is our environment and experiences.

Worries the significance of "Attachment" as to self-improvement. In particular, it makes the claim that the capacity for a person to shape an enthusiastic and physical "connection" to someone else gives a feeling of solidness and security important to go out on a limb, fan out, and develop and create as a personality. Actually, Attachment theory is an expansive thought with numerous expressions, and the best comprehension of it can be had by taking a look at a few of those expressions turn. Strong attachment between mother and child is shown through physical contact and while holding the child, they face each other. Adolescents Form Attachments with Peers as a child reaches adolescence, they tend to depart away from the attachment relationships with any parental type figure. Attachment bonds between parents and adolescents are Treated by many adolescents more like ties that restrain than like ties that anchor and secure, and a key task of adolescence is to develop autonomy so as no longer to need to rely on parents ' support when making one 's way through the world . A way of seeking independence from the parents is to rely more on peers as attachment figures. Eventually, adolescents will form long-term relationships with their peers that may be of the romantic kind, which may become full attachment relationships. These

John Bowlby a British psychiatrist was the first to apply the idea of attachment theory. He defines it as the bond between infant and caregiver. The quality of the attachment to the caregiver has deep implications for the child’s feelings of safety and capacity to form trusting relationships. (Berk, 2013) Attachment theory is defined as “a continuing affectionate bond that ties a person to another, over time and across space,” and gives the infant feelings of safety, sanctuary, and protection, it provides a safe base from which to explore the world.

John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth developed the “Attachment Theory.” According to Bowlby, attachment is an innate behavior that children form with their primary caregivers in order to maximize survival in situations of distress (Bretherton, 1992). Bowlby states that the mechanisms such as smiling, babbling, crying, and cooing encourages parents to take care of the infant and helps parents create a secure base for the child (Ainsworth & Bell, 1970). John Bowlby developed four different stages of attachment that begin during infancy (Bowlby, 1969). The first phase is the Pre-Attachment Phase (6 Weeks), in which babies are unafraid of strangers.