Calvinism- Calvinism is a religious sect derived from Protestantism. Its creator, John Calvin (1509–1564), was influenced by the humanist movement and Martin Luther to oppose the Catholic church and develop a religion based on his own beliefs. The main doctrine of Calvinism is predestination, which means that instead of earning salvation through worship, like the Catholic church preaches, humans were predestined by God, before the creation of the Earth, to either salvation or damnation. John Calvin published the belief system in 1536 in The Institutes of the Christian Religion; this marked the beginnings of the faith. Calvin’s reformation movement took off in the 1560’s and was centered in Geneva. It spread across Eastern and Central Europe …show more content…
Its founder, Benito Mussolini (1883–1945), was a socialist journalist who joined the far-right wing radicals and built a personal army known as “The Black Shirts”. This army was made up of war veterans and unemployed men who were upset with the Italian government for their response to the loss in World War I. Originating in Italy after WWI, fascism gained supporters and even intrigued Adolf Hitler in the 1930’s. Fascists made a stand in 1922 when they marched on Rome threatening to overturn the Italian parliament; and in response, the Italian King, Victor Emmanuel III (r. 1900–1946), made Mussolini the new Prime Minister of Italy. The doctrine of the “corporate state”, which Mussolini applied to Italian governance, is based on a utopian model where society is based on unity and obedience, and instead of the state serving the individual, like in a democracy, it promotes the concept of the individual serving the state. Mussolini was able to manipulate the angered public into giving up their personal freedoms in order to achieve a sense of nationalistic pride and economic growth through the use of totalitarian and authoritarian rule. Fascism and Mussolini inspired Hitler to make decisions, like blaming the Jew’s for Germany’s hardships after World War I, that would lead to one of the worst events of all time. As seen many times …show more content…
The plague spread to Europe with the migration of people and goods on ships. Little did they know that the disease was carried onto the ships, and eventually onto the land, by the fleas that lived on black rats that would stow-away in the vessels. The plague would continue to thrive in intervolves until the 18th century when it disappeared. The estimated death toll in the 14th century was between one-third to one-half of the entire population of Europe. The devastation from the Black Death was heightened in times of agricultural hardships because the resulting famine would hinder a person’s ability to fight off the disease. Cities would issue mandatory quarantines, stricter sanitation laws, and halt all travel. Many religious citizens believed that God was punishing them for their sins, which led to the persecution of Jew’s and public physical repentance in the form of brutal whippings. Due to the drastic loss in population, birth rates increased, as well as provided agricultural and economic opportunities that resulted in an overall increase in the standard of
The Black Death, which swept across Europe between 1347 and 1351, had significance in all areas of life and culture: economic, social, psychological, and even religious. It ushered in a new age for all of Europe, in many ways speeding up the change from the medieval to modern era. In under a five year time span, one-third of Europe’s population died. There is some speculation that the toll was actually more than one-third, and could have reached as much as one-half. Entire towns and cities were completely decimated by the illness in extremely brief periods of time. The arrival of the plague, and the speed with which it spread, struck panic across the continent as a whole. It would be
Both of these political leaders took over and used the ideas of fascism as their type of government, the people gravitated towards them especially during times of need. To start, Benito Mussolini who was a newspaper editor and politician who pledged to rescue Italy during their time of desperate need. Fascism was on the rise in Italy, it was fueled by their disappointment and failure to win large territorial gains. People gravitated towards the new and vastly improving idea of Fascism. Italians wanted a leader who would take action and they found their answer in Benito Mussolini. Mussolini had vowed to provide strong leadership to the Italian people during this time. Mussolini had founded the Fascist Party in the year of 1919. When Italy’s economic problems continued to worsen, Mussolini’s power would considerably grow. Mussolini’s number one weapon during his rise to power was fear, he used the fear of people to take control over them. Soon thereafter, Mussolini and 30,000 of his Fascist supporters marched to Rome demanding the King step down and hand over his total power to Mussolini. The King gave in to their demands and gave Benito Mussolini full control over the Italian government. Mussolini became the Il Duce, or leader, and he made fascism the ruling political party in
The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in history. Many Western Europeans were living with this disease for nearly four hundred years. The disease was able to spread rapidly and affected Europe in many ways. Since this disease was rapidly spreading throughout Europe it scared many of the people during this time. Many historians considered the Black Death in the fourteenth century a turning point in Western European history. According to Streissguth, “Before the epidemic of bubonic and pneumonic plague died out three years later, it would kill more than one-third of the continent’s population.” Hundreds of thousand people died from this horrific disease which changed Europe forever. Near the end of the fourteenth century it was obvious to the people living during that time that the plague had become a regular and destructive aspect of life. The plague had left many rural areas untouched after the late 1300’s but the epidemic began almost every decade. When the Black Death began to spread across Europe it caused unimaginable fear, panic, and chaos for the people. The Black Death was an important turning point in Europe, where the economics, politics, and society would never be the same. The Black Death spread rapidly across Europe causing many people to become ill and die which resulted in social, economic, and religious upheavals.
In the early 14th century, a terrible catastrophe fell upon Asia and Europe, the middle east and north Africa, that would change the course of history. The Black Death or Bubonic Plague was an outbreak of disease that killed one third of the European population in the period 1347-1350. It had a similarly devastating effect on nearby regions. The epidemic was caused by rats, which carried a bacterium. They in turn carried fleas which fed from their blood. When this source died, the fleas would jump onto a person and feed from their
The Black Death swept through Asia, Europe and Africa during the 14th Century, killing between 50 to 90 percent of those who contracted it. The effect of the disease had significant consequence for Europe in particular. Trade and commerce virtually stopped. This caused a rapid rise in the prices of goods. Some people believed they were being punished by God and sought forgiveness; others looked for someone to blame.
The plague was a disease that devastated Europe and the Christian population. Christians handled the plague very differently than the other groups it affected. The mortality rate for European Christians was an estimated 31%. (Robert S. Gottfried, The Black Death, New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1983.) They believed the plague was a cruel and horrible punishment on the men, women, and children of their society brought upon them by God.
Sometimes, like most explanations back then, it was the work of God and punishment afflicted upon Europe for whatever reasons of the time. For these people, the only cure was to be somehow forgiven by God. This was usually done by people carving or painting the symbol of the cross on the front doors of their house with the words “Lord have mercy on us” either near it or on it. Another great contributor to the destruction of the Black Death was the Great Fire of London which helped eradicate most of the rats that carried the disease and wiping out most of the people with the disease. The plague actually repeatedly continued to remain in Europe and the Mediterranean throughout the centuries. The major occurences of the plague happened around the year 1346 and 1671. The Second Pandemic Black Death was pretty active in the years 1360 and 1667. All of Europe was ravaged and it impacted Europe so devastatingly that it took 150 years for the population of Europe to be fully recovered. Quarantining people was another way of combating the plague in ancient times. Taking anti-bio tics was advised was advised in case you came into contact with a victim of the disease. In early 2011 it was discovered that the bacteria Yersinia Pestis was actually the culprit for one of the most devastating pandemics ever to surface in the world. While
The plague of the black death was a panic and disaster in Western Europe because it leads the death of ⅓ of the population. It quickly spread all over the continent, destroying full towns and cities. Moreover, the plague reached its peak of destructions in 1349, which was a “wretched, terrible, destructive year, the remnants of the people alone remain.” Life before the black death arrived for the serfs it was unpleasant and short. Nevertheless, Europe before the black death arrived was successful and the trade at the time was strong. The spread of the plagues was traumatic and unexpected because it spread so quickly.
John Calvin, the founder of Calvinism, believed in absolute dominance of God in salvation of the human soul from death and eternal sentence. He wrote many commentaries on most books in the Bible and created a lot of controversy. Calvin helped reform the church in Geneva. His spent his final years promoting reformation throughout
Benito Mussolini, an Italian Politician and the leader of The National Fascist Party, had his views and ideologies solely set on the practice and lifestyle of a fascist. The rise of fascism and Mussolini's political takeover occurred as a result of Italy’s scrambling economy, plagued with riots, inflation and unemployment. Mussolini argued fascism as the most beneficial political party for Italy and claims it was based off of concepts of holiness and heroism. As the popularity with Mussolini's new political party grew, so did his dissatisfaction with opposing parties, such as pacifism, socialism and liberal democracy.
Benito Mussolini, known as “Il Duce,” was the founder of the totalitarian form of government known as Fascism. However that was not enough recognition; Mussolini wanted to demonstrate to the world that he could be a successful ruler as well. Mussolini came to power and remained in power primarily due to the actions of the Italian Blackshirts. As the Blackshirts maintained law and order, terrorized political opponents, defended Italy, and marched on Rome, Mussolini successfully ruled as dictator.
In today's world, we have the freedom to express ourselves with dancing and singing. John Calvin took away the peoples freedom of dancing and singing outside the church. Also Drinking, gambling and wearing vulgar clothing were forbidden. If caught indulging in any or one of these behaviors you were executed. At first, people did not like this and felt like they thrown away one church only to see it replaced by another one. Only with a different name and with different people. By 1550's Geneva was completely
The Great Plague killed nearly half of the European population during the fourteenth century. A plague is a widespread illness. The Illness was also known as the “Black Death”. Most of the European people believed the plague was the beginning of the end of the world. They were scarcely equipped and unready for what was to be entailed. It was by far one of the worst epidemics yet to be seen in those times.
The renaissance period marked radical changes in many fields, this includes religion. The so-called Protestant Reformation was the split within western Christian Church initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other early Protestants. Calls for reform came form all sectors of the European society and it is this dissatisfaction that explains why the ideas of Martin Luther evoked such extreme responses, there was already a ready audience. Although there had been significant attempts at reform before Luther, the date usually given for the start of the Protestant Reformation is 1517, when Luther published The Ninety-Five Theses. As he developed his ideas, Luther gathered followers, who came to be called Protestants. The word protestant
Fascism was first detected after World War I in Italy. After the war, the people of Italy were ready for a new political aspect. Benito Mussolini was the man who brought this fascist ideology to Italy. Mussolini has been looking for the perfect opportunity to take complete control of a country and now was the time to do so. “In 1919 Mussolini and his followers, mostly war veterans, were organized along paramilitary lines and wore black shirts and uniforms.”(Halsall pg.2) After defeats at the polls Mussolini used his new financial backing to clothe a gang of thugs who