The Open Door Policy China was in political and economic disarray as the end of the 19th century approached, the giant was not recognized by the major powers, who were busy fighting over trading privileges and plotting how the country would be partitioned. The nations sought for spheres of influence and claimed rights in China. The United States took far more concern after the Spanish-American War, after coming into possession of the philippines. In 1898, President McKinley stated his desire for the Open Door Policy that would allow all nations to access the Chinese market. The next year, Secretary of State John Hay sought a formal endorsement of the concept by circulating notes among the major powers. The Open Door Policy called for …show more content…
He asked them to keep their ports open to vessels of all nations on equal terms with with equal tariffs on all imports and to charge equal railroad rates within their spheres of influence. Since none of these powers wished to state publicly that it intended to discriminate against the trade of other countries, none chose to dispute these points. Hay then announced that the “open door” had been “guaranteed.” In the U.S., he was credited with having won a great diplomatic victory. However, Hay’s notes did not protect China from being cut up into spheres of influence where foreign powers had exclusive rights to build railroads and exploit the natural resources. Hay’s well-publicized diplomacy popularized the expansionist aims of the McKinley administration. (Schlesinger et al. …show more content…
In support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity the statement was issued as circular notes dispatched by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay to Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia. The Open Door policy was approved by almost everyone in the United States, and for more than 40 years it was a cornerstone of American foreign policy in East Asia. This stated that all countries should have equal access to any of the trading ports and they could not charge someone more than the other. Within each of those spheres the controlling major power claimed exclusive privileges of investment, and it was feared that each would likewise seek to monopolize the trade. It was generally feared that the breakup of China into economic segments dominated by various great powers would lead to complete subjection and the division of the country into colonies. (“Open Door
century, the outcome of the Spanish-American war divided Americans into those for and against the annexation of the Philippines. The masses supporting it saw the islands as a strong foothold for the country in Chinese markets, compared to the minority which believed the United States was founded to escape oppression and should not lead to doing the same upon others. America becoming an imperial power shifted the world stage, and opened opportunity in trade on the other side of the world. Annexing the Philippines changed how other countries saw the United States, but more importantly it changed how Americans feel about their country; citizens rallied around the flag after defeating Spain because surpassing the empire’s navy gave them something positive to think of after all the turmoil over the past hundred years (and still at the time over working/living conditions and inequality between races/genders). It gave the public a reason to be patriotic. If the United States did not annex the Philippines when it did, it would not have had the ability to become the strongest government in the world and increase exports throughout Asia, but at what cost? American leaders decided it would be a good power move, but did
At the end of the nineteenth century China was in political and economic disarray. It was not recognized as a sovereign nation by any major power, but many countries wanted to own their trading privileges and plotted on how the country should be partitioned. After the Spanish-American war the United States took these matters more seriously because they now possessed and needed to protect the Philippine Islands. In 1899, President McKinley stated his desire for an Open Door Policy that would allow all trading nations access to the Chinese market. By 1900, Secretary of State, John Hay, sought a formal endorsement of the concept by circulating diplomatic notes among the major powers, suggesting equal trading rights to all nations in all parts
The author of document 4 is Ralph Fitch, who is a British merchant that has written an account of his travels to the East Indies. It is because of these two facts- the first being that he is a merchant and the logistics of trade should not be new to him and the second being that he is writing from firsthand experience, making him a primary witness to this particular trading relationship- makes him a credible source by all accounts. Secondly, his accounts are consistent with other historical facts, like the lust that China has for silver, or the fact that other nations brought luxury items back from China. Furthermore, because of China’s lust for silver, they kept their silver and hardly continued its flow to other countries, which of course was very valuable. This relationship seems to be characterized as being non-mutual in a way, for the European and Spanish countries did not receive items that were of equal value to the silver, so in reality, it was a loss for them, whereas the Chinese government were able to make a profit. Document 7 complements Document 4 and describes the foolish mistake the Chinese would make in keeping their ban on foreign trade because other nations (such as European and Spanish countries) have large resource deposits in silver that they are willing to spend for items that the Chinese produces that lack any
As a reaction, William Woodville Rockhill detailed the Open Door Policy in intend to protecting American business chances and different hobbies in China. In September 6, 1899, U.s. Secretary of State John Hay sent notes to the significant forces, such as France, Germany, Britain, Italy, Japan, and Russia, requesting that them announce formally that they might maintain Chinese regional and managerial trustworthiness and might not meddle with the free utilization of the bargain ports inside their authoritative reaches in China. The Open Door Policy expressed that all countries, including the United States, could revel in equivalent access to the Chinese market.
In fear, Hay announced that an agreement had been reached without the voices of Japan and Russia. On the surface, it looked like that the United States was in an advantage, but it was quite opposite. The United States had no sphere of influence with China, but we did have a long maintained trade with China. If other nations partition with China the U.S. would likely be ruled out of future commercial activates with China. This was part of Hay's plan, to protect the prospects of America and its businessmen and investors.
In 1898 the United States defeated Spain, and the Philippine Islands were suddenly free of Spain’s tyranny. The Filipinos had been fighting for their freedom from Spain for several years. When the United States arrived to conquer Spain they landed in the Philippines, and the Filipinos thinking that the United States was there to set them free, sided with them. But instead of the independence the wanted, the Filipino people found themselves in the position of exchanging one colonial power for another. The United States gained a foothold in the Pacific, and “The United States had suddenly become a major world power” (Background Essay).
In dystopian literature, there are many universal storytelling elements and literary devices that builds onto the theme. This is apparent in Charlie Brooker’s TV show Black Mirror’s Nosedive, where your social media score determines your life. You’re rated out of 5 stars, the higher the rating you have the more successful you are. The lower your rating the less unsuccessful you are. Black Mirror uses universal storytelling elements such as social cohesion. Black Mirror also uses literary devices such as verbal irony, symbolism, and parable.
The part of the world where the Philippines lies was one of the most volatile and dangerous in the world. That being said, it also had some of the most profitable trade routes, richest resources and was a vital part of the world to have a stronghold. By following through with the annexation of the Philippines, the Americans were able to gain a stronghold on the other side of the world, enrich themselves by gaining access to the valuable resources that were so plentiful and to take the time to help spread freedom and democracy. William McKinley clearly believed and stated that “ we could not turn them over to France and Germany – our commercial rivals in the Orient – that would be bad business and discreditable.”
According to document number ten the US spread economic ideas by introducing the Open Door Policy to establish order throughout China. According to the textbook American travelers had been traveling to China since 1784. Hawaii was a convenient stop on the way to China for fuel and other supplies. In 1844 the US gained trading privileges with China. The
“Our largest trade henceforth must be with Asia. The Pacific is our ocean and the Pacific is the ocean of the commerce of the future the power that rules the Pacific, therefore, is the power that rules the world. And, with the Philippines, that power is and will forever be the American Republic” (Doc E). The Roosevelt Corollary, the most important departure from past United States expansionism, made the acquisition of such territories not only possible but socially acceptable. Under Teddy Roosevelt, the people of the United States were all for expansion. He had the ability to incite the American public and rally its force behind him. After all, who can stand against the people of the United States of America when they are truly united? Our country had progressed in its departures tracing all the way back to 1885 when, as Thomas Nast depicts, the United States was nowhere to be found in the game of “World Plundering” (Doc A). After the acquisition of a naval power, the United States could withstand the competition involved in economic world dominance. As shown in the cartoon of “American Diplomacy” in 1900, Uncle Sam is standing at the forefront of Chinas “open door” holding the key which represents said American Diplomacy. (Doc G) However, with positives always come negatives. Prejudice against immigrants and no chance of citizenship for our newly acquired lands were a few of the drawbacks of over expansion. There simply was not enough room for all the
Cuba, due to the sinking of the U.S. Maine was taken over, and is now regulated by the U.S. government as a result of the Spanish-American War, while China was forced to keep an Open Door Policy, which caused the Boxer Rebellion. After World War Two, America became the leading world power, the foreign policy opened up with the creation of the United Nations, Marshall Plan, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. During the Cold War, the main objective was to prevent the spread of Communism; however, afterwards global peace became the main objective ("War…”).
Since 1899, America has maintained an open door policy with China. Throughout the years, relations between the United States and China have changed with several effects on both countries caused by the open door policy.
The Monroe Doctrine secured three noteworthy thoughts: "that European nations can't colonize in North America or other sovereign countries, for example, Mexico, Latin America, and others; that the United States might be included in European undertakings if America's rights are disturbed; and that the United States will consider any endeavor at colonization a risk to its national security.” The Doctrine demonstrated whatever is left of the world that they were not a power to be figured with, and permit the objective of "Manifest Destiny "to grow. 10 The Doctrine then prompted The Open Door Policy. The new Policy now opened up entryways for global exchange with China that the United States
America’s interest with China’s market grew and they became more aggressive to secure their presence in Asia, which almost brought them to war with Germany. In the 1890’s China was split into portions of influence by the European nations so Secretary of State John Hay recommended the Open Door Policy, which promised access to trade to all major powers in China instead of splitting China into portions.
After all, Hawaii transformed into America which had greatly sealed power that recovered their crisis. From their prior knowledge in proceeding trade commerce with foreign, China is one the best nations that had rich natural resources and they want fulfill their satisfactions from U.S industries. An expansionist, Reverend Josiah Strong addressed people to recognize that, ” We all know that China is one of the greatest markets of the world, with a population of 400,000,000 that must be fed and clothed.” (Document 15). Great productions from both countries are indispensable in trading from their needs. The United States must step over their boundaries in the Philippines which is their neighbor in gaining access to their country. Serving the Philippines is the importance of supporting their desires to reach their destination. American had endure hardships by fighting for Cuba’s independence over Spain, when their victories came into reality Spain had given Guam, the Philippines Islands, and Puerto Rico to the America’s hands. Americans need to settle the Philippines in supporting them to facilitating China’s market as a “stepping stone” that will provide coal stations, naval bases, cable relay stations, and others that would keep the China’s door open (Israel). The Open Door Policy allowed the United States to have access trade and developments which they will gain prosperity. Goods that are being exports and imports