John Of Gaunt Research Paper

However, a division was created when in 1377, Edward III’s fourth son, John of Gaunt, became the first duke of Lancaster, and his fifth son, Edmund of Langley, became the first duke of York. This separation would prove the be lasting. In 1453, the last English territories in southwestern France were lost to the Dauphin Charles, which marked the end of the devastating Hundred Years War. England had lost all of their holdings on mainland Europe, except Calais. This disastrous result proved that Henry VI was a weak king, and his political enemies, including barons and Richard of York, rose up against him. Initial conflicts occurred in 1455, and after five years of fighting and temporary truces, the Battle of Wakefield in 1460 resulted in a Yorkist victory, although Richard of York was killed. Edward, his son was crowned Edward IV, yet he died 23 years later in 1483. His brother Richard III claimed the throne, although Edward V, his nephew, was supposedly the rightful heir. Some Yorkists who opposed Richard III sought help from Henry Tudor, the last Lancastrian descendent. Henry staged a failed rebellion with Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, but at Bosworth Field, (8/22/1485), he defeated Richard III at a final battle, ending the 32-year-old struggle. Henry was crowned Henry VII, THEN married Elizabeth of York, thus uniting the two houses. Before the war, England was controlled by the sovereign and a network of nobility. However, the War of the Roses added to the already high death rate of aristocracy, thus weakening the feudal state. Seven important royal relatives were deposed or killed in battle, including Henry VI, Margaret of Anjou, Richard Neville of Salisbury, Richard Neville of Warwick, Edward IV, Edward V, and Richard III. With less competition for kingship, the Tudors would be able to establish an empire in relative peace. With many new ideas of the Renaissance being

Henry was spared the prison sentence, though. Even though spared and given mercy, Henry hated the way the tables turned against him; he got into heavy conflict with Mowbray and challenged him to a duel. Mowbray agreed, but Richard II intervened and banished the both of them from England and aggravating the nobility. When John of Gaunt passed away while Henry was in banishment, Richard held all titles, land, and holdings from Henry. Henry was already extremely angry and well fed up against Richard, so he amassed an army and invaded England whilst Richard was in Ireland. When Richard II returned, he was imprisoned and died in captivity. Henry became King Henry IV and established the dominance of the Lancasterian house upon the throne for the years to come.

Vernon Johns was born in April 22, 1892 in Darlington Heights (Prince Edward County), Virginia. He went on to Oberlin College after high school to pursue a degree in divinity. In 1948, he became the 19th pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Johns has the ability to speak and read several different languages. He was a community activist who loved helping African-American girls who had been raped by white men and bring them to justice.

The church during the 1500’s, was changing greatly. This was the time of the reformation where the protestants took over from the Catholics, and therefore causing the Catholics to create a counter reformation. The shift from henry VIII to Edward VI was also a shift from Catholicism to protestants. This amount of change in religion created an immense change in what music was produced and what was actually composed as these two religions had very different ideas about music.

A struggle between the House of York and the house of Lancaster broke out; which became a series of wars known as The War of the Roses. The kingship was based on the royal bloodline and the kings relied upon the support of the powerful Lords to keep their position. [5] Both Henry Tudor and Richard III believed each had claims to the English throne as they were both descended from Edward III.[2] Henry Lancastrian’s claim to the throne was from Edward III’s son, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster.[2] In 1339 Henry of Bolingbroke; John’s son imprisoned, Richard II who was the son of Edward, the Black Prince..[2] Henry IV became king, passing his crown to his son Henry V who passed the crown to Henry VI. Henry VI was becoming unpopular, due to corruption within his government, his policy of peace with France and the economic situation in

Sir Walter Raleigh was said to have been born into a gentry family “at Hayes Barton in Devon in around 1552”(BBC Walter Raleigh). In 1578 he sailed to to America with his explorer half brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert. The first “English colony in America on Roanoke Island (now North Carolina)”(BBC Walter Raleigh), was sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1585. This was the first of 2 failed attempts to colonize the second being in 1587. He is credited with bringing “potatoes and tobacco back to Britain” (BBC Walter Raleigh). He is also known for going to Ireland to help in the suppression of an uprising (in Munster). This action is what first brought him to the attention of the Queen (Elizabeth 1). He soon gained her favoritism and was knighted

John of Gaunt, in his “sceptered isle” speech, exalts England and the individuals who have protected it and made is great, showing his true patriotism and dedication to England (Shakespeare II.ii.49-55). Richard stands in stark contrast to Gaunt and other nobles of the court. Not only does he not imitate those who have been praised and honored before him, he doesn’t even respect his own heritage or family line; rather he is responsible for spilling “one vial full of Edward’s sacred blood” (I.ii.17). Richard’s chosen course of action shows him to be cowardly; instead of courageously dealing with his problems, he acts as a coward and turns on his own kith and kin, a choice that will lead Richard to see his kingdom spiral out of control and will ultimately lead to his downfall as a medieval

Chaucer was in King Edward's army during early parts of the Hundred Years War in 1359. Unfortunately he was captured during an unsuccessful siege of Rheims. Luckily the king contributed to his ransom. By 1366, Chaucer married Philippa Pan, who was another courtier that attended the Countess

Gaunt's return from Spain in 1389 stabilized the situation and Richard worked in apparent harmony with the Gaunt and the appellant lords for eight years. But in actuality the king spent this time waiting for an opportunity to avenge himself against his former enemies. He slowly made a second royalist party, that was stronger then the first. By 1397 he was ready to strike, he had Arundel convicted of treason and executed; Warwick was banished and Gloucester imprisoned and murdered.

Even as our numbers denominationally continue to decline, I am very hopeful when reading about the ‘local church’ in Thomas Frank’s, Polity, Practice and the Mission of the United Methodist Church. Perhaps these churches are not being created in the same way that John Wesley might have envisioned, but never-the-less there is a strong commitment to outreach that I think John Wesley would have been strongly encouraged by it.

By 1717 John Law had gone from being a murder on the run to being a man of wealth and power. Yet, his rise to power would also be his demise as he was responsible for the first stock market crash in recorded history. Laws acquaintance with the Duke of Orleans had essentially made him the second most powerful man in France. He had acquired what is known as the Mississippi Company which had a monopoly on trade with French Louisiana and eventually monopolized all French trade outside of Europe. In an attempt to restructure the national debt, shares of the company were sold. As the stock price rose more paper money had to be printed. People of all backgrounds were rushing to buy these shares and were becoming enormously wealthy overnight.

Henry Cavendish was a well known scientist during the 1700’s. He is most famous for the discovery of hydrogen, although he calculated the characteristics of many gases, and the structure of air in the atmosphere.

The Life and Death of King John is a historically inaccurate version of history written to portray the hypocrisy of the upper and ruling class of Shakespeare’s time. Almost every character in a position of power goes back on their word. Both of the Kings, the noblemen and the Catholic Church is placed in the position of having duplicitous natures, solely focused on how they will attain more. The historical play, The Life and Death of King John, is how Shakespeare emphasizes the fickle, feeble and fraudulent natures of the people in command of his country.

Geoffrey Chaucer was born circa 1340 in London, England. Geoffrey was born at his parents’ house on Thames Street. Geoffrey became a public servant to Countess Elizabeth of Ulster, he was paid little. But it was enough for him to buy himself food and clothing, in 1359 Geoffrey went to fight in the hundred year war in France. Later at the rethel Geoffrey was captured at rethel, and Because Geoffrey had royal connections the King Edward III helped pay his ransom. After being released Geoffrey joined the royal service, he traveled throughout France, Spain, and Italy. After that King Edward III gave him 20 pension marks. In 1366, Chaucer married Philippa Roet, the daughter of Sir Payne Roet, and the marriage conveniently helped further Chaucer’s career in the

Geoffrey Chaucer was a poet, a writer, and of course a diplomat. Geoffrey Chaucer was born in the early hours of 1340s to John Chaucer, a vintner and assistant to the king's butler. As a boy, he was a leaf to the Countess of Ulster. (Lombardi) Chaucer was the most famous for writing his unfinished Canterbury tales. (Geoffrey Chaucer) He was born in London, only problem is, the exact date and place are unknown. From his writings Chaucer emerges as poet of love, both worldly and heavenly. No information exists about his early education, although without a doubt he would have been as good in French as in the Middle English of his time. (Bio.True Story) Chaucer pops up in the record books in 1357 he was working for the queen.