John Oliver

The current water crisis in Flint, Michigan stems from government officials changing water sources. The government of Flint switched from using the water of Lake Huron, which they had used for over 50 years, to using the water of the Flint River, which had a high level of chloride. The high chloride level eventually led to the corrosion of water pipes allowing unhealthy levels of chlorine and lead contamination. Additionally, irresponsible and unreliable water treatment allowed even more contaminates to enter the city’s water source. All this pollution ultimately ended up in the homes of thousands of people, poisoning families throughout the city. Lead poisoning can have disastrous effects on the human body, with some symptoms including “memory loss, anemia (lack of healthy red blood cells), kidney dysfunction, and in severe

All the inhabitants of Flint communities regardless of their location had irreversible, permanent brain damage due to lead-contaminated water. It started when traces of E. coli and total coliform were found in the Flint River. The city addressed this problem by increasing chlorine levels in the water, causing the pipes to corrode, releasing lead into the waters. Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) were also formed in the water (they are carcinogenic to humans).TTHM is a disinfection byproduct that occur when chlorine interacts with organic matter in the water. At this stage, The lead levels in the water was 13,200 ppb. Water is considered hazardous waste at 5,000ppb (NPR 2016). This tragedy goes to show that this toxic runoff, or even the miss-handling of the water resources in a watershed can affect everyone as the downstream water was piped up into the upstream communities.

“…It drops your IQ, it affects your behavior, it's been linked to criminality, it has multigenerational impacts. There is no safe level of lead in a child." Dr. Mora said when she was talking about what lead poisoning does, and it is devastating, knowing that generations of kids are affected by this event and so will the next generation after them. This also could have been prevented if the state added anti- corrosive agents that would have cost about $100 a day, and experts say 90% of the problems with Flint's water would have been avoided. If officials would have done this then thousands of people would have been saved from

The lead effects in the drinking water have caused a massive public health crisis (“Scientific Opinion on the risks”, 2015). The whole crisis was as a result of poor management practices employed in the Flint water plant. The city decided to switch the

The article, “Lead Levels Remain High in Flint’s Water” by Matt Davenport explores the increased lead contamination in the Flint, Michigan water source. In April of 2014, high levels of bacteria, and fecal matter were detected in the water of Flint, Michigan. While the levels of bacteria decreased, the city’s water still breaks the federal rule for lead levels. A series of tests conducted by Marc A. Edwards was able to show that the city’s contaminated water was corroding pipes, which leached lead into the water. Because Edwards was able to inform the public about the contaminated water source, Michigan officials have taken steps to improve Flint’s water quality. For example, the water-pipes were re-routed to carry water from Detroit instead

Many service lines leading into homes are leaching lead into the water. This problem happened because the city of Flint decided to not treat the water properly with corrosion control (Ganrin, 2016). This proves that officials did not care about those living in Flint. They chose to save money but instead they destroyed many lives. So this proves that our government is not there to help the people out, but instead to cut money wherever they feel necessary to not have to take it from other places. Lead poisoning can affect IQ and behavior. This can cause some people to become score low on standardized test and to become violent and to sometimes harm others. No level of lead is ever safe in any person or animal (Ganrin, 2016). The water source in Flint is currently undrinkable and very unsafe and will continue to be for months ahead ("Researcher: Flint water 'like Russian roulette'," 2016). Flint water is not a safe water source and has not been for many months. According to federal regulations Flint's water supply still does not meet standards. Since August 2015 the water supply has improved, but it still is not safe ("Researcher: Flint water 'like Russian roulette'," 2016). The people of Flint have been poisoned under their noses without even knowing it, secretly being sickened by their own government. Flint’s water is not safe it's an unreliable water

All the controversy about the lead problems in Flint, Michigan has stirred up questions across the country. Every day there are several news stories about cities across the country discussing the lead issue and how they meet the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act. While the average person may feel comforted by these news stories, it doesn’t mean that every home served by the water supply has lead below the EPA’s recommended action level. It’s the job of water treatment professionals to educate those served by municipal water about the regulations surrounding lead and copper and what those consumers can do to protect themselves further.

Imagine being informed that the water with which you bathe, brush your teeth, and cook is the root of many serious and sometimes fatal health problems. Sadly, this is the case for a majority of the citizens in Flint, Michigan. According to an online article titled “This is how toxic Flint’s water really is,” by reporter Christopher Ingraham, the culprit is high concentrations of lead that have leached into tap water from lead-containing pipe systems and fixtures as they slowly corrode. The article also informs that although nearly all citizens were exposed to the hazardous water, some exposures were found to be worse than others (Ingraham). Additionally Ingraham states “A group of Virginia Tech researchers who sampled the water in 271 Flint homes last summer found some contained lead levels high enough to meet the EPA 's definition of ‘toxic waste." With lead being the culprit, and nearly all citizens being exposed to the contaminated water, Flint has found itself in a near epidemic.

When the contamination in Flint’s water system was noticed, it was because of the “smell, taste, and color.” (The Humanist 23) The water pipes were deteriorating because of the polluted water, which was causing lead to flow into the water. People immediately started complaining to their city’s mayor about the changes in the water. Soon after that, scientists from Virginia Tech discovered it was severe lead in the water. Lead poison is known to destroy or affect almost every organ or system in someone’s body. (The Humanist 23)

Pollution of water is a real and dangerous thing that is happening in the city of Flint, Michigan. Colby Itkowitz writes an article, “ The heroic professor who helped uncover the Flint lead water crisis has been asked to fix it.” About a man by the name of Mark Edwards. He is

Her article, “Elevated Blood Levels in Children Associated with the Flint Drinking Water Crisis: A Spatial Analysis of Risk and Public Health Response,” describes the water issue revolving around Flint for decades. It has only recently begun to get better. Lead was found, as well as bacteria, in the Flint water (283-284). Mona wrote, “Increased lead poisoning rates have profound implications for the life course potential of an entire cohort of Flint children already rattled with toxic stress contributors (e.g, poverty, violence, unemployment, food insecurity)” (286). Mona also concluded that, “As in many urban areas with high levels of socio-economic disadvantage and minority populations, we found a preexisting disparity in lead poisoning” (286). Issues have been done to prevent the Flint crisis, and it has gone down over the past thirty years, however, “A once-celebrated cost-cutting move for an economically distressed city, the water source change has now wrought untold economic, population health, and geo-political burdens”(288). Much like the HDR’s theories, the Flint Water Crisis also appeals to the wealthy class. In any other community, primarily wealthy, money can be provided to prevent future water issues.

The topics of the lecture on 4/20 revolved around a presentation about Flint Michigan, the issues of lead, governmental responsibility, and some case studies. Most people know of the backlash that Flint Michigan had against their government as well as the federal government for the position they were in. The drinking water in some areas of Flint had levels of lead concentrations of over 5,000 micrograms per liter, which led to the water being orange or even brown. The presenter then went on to explain that the federal level of lead concentrations not be over 5 micrograms per liter, while New Jersey’s level is 10 micrograms per liter. Because I had no knowledge of the governmental levels of lead concentrations, it now angers me to know that New Jersey has looser standards than most other states when it comes to water and health standards. The one important thing that I took away from this presentation was that the trust we put with our government (whether it be local, state, or federal) in terms of fiscal responsibility is dangerous.

Flint, Michigan has made headlines in the news over the past few years for their water crisis. The city thought that they would be able to save money by switching from Detroit City water to water from the Flint River. Unfortunately, they didn’t treat the water in an effort to prevent the pipes from corroding. This allowed lead and bacteria to flow through the pipes and into the homes of Flint residents. Many citizens have been sick and have gotten lead poisoning since then (Kennedy).

Kevin Drum’s article on lead, in short, is an argument for the removal of lead from the environment while mainly focusing on the link between crime and the use of tetraethyl lead in gasoline. Drum believes that cleaning up the lead from the environment in the US would improve crime rates, increase the cognitive performance of the general population, and generate hundreds of billions a year. These are fairly outlandish claims until he further examines what lead does to the early development of children.

The Flint, Michigan water crisis is a very important issue in the United States. On April 25, 2014, government decided that they could save money by switching their water source from Lake Huron to the Flint River. However, the pipes they used were pumping water with lead in it. This crisis has a simple solution by doing what the government should have done a long time ago. It is imperative for the Michigan Government to fix the water crisis by replacing the lead pipes in Flint, Michigan, do to time and their public image.