John P. Kotter is Professor of the Chair of Leadership named after Konosuke Matsushita at the Harvard Business School. In 1980, at the age of thirty-three, he became one of the youngest full-time teachers at Harvard University. He is the author of the bestsellers: The General Managers (1982), The Leadership Factor (1987), Leading Change (1996), and some others, as well as two tutorials on Leadership (1991) and Corporate Culture (1993) for leaders and educational CD-ROM on initiation changes (1997). The total circulation of Harvard Business Review with his articles was 1.5 million. Professor Kotter won the Smith & Knisely Award for New Perspectives in Business Leadership and McKinsey for Best Publication in Harvard Business Review. He currently …show more content…
Kotter proposed a sequence of stages of organizational change, including suggesting to people the need for change, creating a team of reformers, developing and promoting a new vision for the prospects of future markets, and determining the strategy for their conquest, as well as providing employees with the conditions for broad participation in transformations. Kotter attaches great importance to obtaining quick results, consolidating successes for deepening the process of change, and rooting changes in corporate culture. For the first time, Kotter described the eight-step method in the article Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail, published in 1995 in HBR, where he managed to intelligibly and consistently formulate the sequence in eight steps and basic errors of change management (Kotter 2007). Although Kotter's theory is just a theory and does not guarantee unavoidable success, at the moment, it is the most accurate and perfect description of the steps necessary for successful implementation of the …show more content…
Make sure the changes are necessary. The first and, perhaps, the most serious obstacle on the way to change is the inertia of the personnel. If employees are satisfied with the current state of affairs, it is almost impossible to convince them that something needs to be changed. To achieve this understanding, one needs great management skills. Such 'calmness' can be a consequence of the fact that the crisis has not yet begun to explicitly inform about itself. Its signs at the initial stage can be discerned only by an experienced analyst.
Therefore, it is not easy to stir up staff 'hypnotized' by the illusion of well-being. Kotter offers the following techniques. 1. Eradication of elements of extravagance (for example, the cancellation of any benefits). 2. Establishment of higher 'bars' in the work of employees. 3. Review of mechanisms for measuring the effectiveness of employees. 4. Stimulation of collective discussion of problems.
Step 2. Form teams of changes. The team to promote change must be formed in the earliest phases of organizational change. To do this, it is necessary to identify employees who are most loyal to changes, having management skills and a similar vision for the
Kotter’s 8-Step approach to transformational change begins with creating a sense of urgency. Creating a sense of urgency involves examining markets and competitive realities and identifying and discussing crises, potential crises, or major opportunities (Weiss, 2012). At its peak, Microsoft was at the forefront of computing technology. This position led to “overnight millionaires” that eventually skewed the perspective of the once eager employees. Long time executives ended up letting new employees handle everything while they waited for the next windfall. Instead of continuing a momentum of innovation, they [Microsoft] had allowed themselves to reach a plateau while the competition past them by. Innovation gave way to employees
Step 2 is forming a powerful guiding coalition. Leadership will have to be on board and on the same page in regards to the change. Kotter and Cohen reveal the core problems people face when leading change. Their main findings are that the central issue concerns not structure or systems but behavior and how to alter it (Farris, 2008). The success of the changes will depend on the ability of the managers to show their commitment to change and motivate the employees to do the same. Without any process to track the implementation, the change can also fail.
This course has taught me a lot in terms of initiating and managing change, and Kotter’s eight-stage process is a very useful approach when it comes to making changes within an organization. This course has helped me strengthen my skills in overcoming barriers that tend to get and make it difficult to
One method for managing change in an organization is to be prepared through constant evaluation of the company. The management team needs to continually evaluate sales data, changes in the marketplace and activity by the competition to be able to anticipate change. When a company can see change coming as a result
Implementing change in an organization is complicated. It is important that a manager understands their role and responsibilities for which could very well be the success or failure of an organization. A manager should know how to handle staff resistance, and the areas that require change. There are processes that help management with assisting their staff members with adjusting to change and concentrate on the areas of importance. This process includes planning, assessment, implementation, and evaluation. The difference between a failed organization and a successful manager is when the manager has the ability to implement change with little disruption to
Leading and managing change require a solid theoretical foundation. This assignment will research the theoretical elements of change and change management. Addressed will be the following: Organic Evolution of Change, Formulating Strategic Development Approaches, Leadership and Management Skills and Gathering and Analyze Data. As societies continue to evolve and changing demand creates the need for new products and services, businesses often are forced to make changes to stay competitive. The businesses that continue to survive and even thrive are usually the ones that most readily adapt to change. A variety of factors can cause a business to reevaluate its methods of operation. According to literature from the past two
Week 3, the lecture on Managing Change describes organizational changes that occur when a company makes a shift from its current state to some preferred future state. Managing organizational change is the process of planning and implementing change in organizations in such a way as to decrease employee resistance and cost to the organization while concurrently expanding the effectiveness of the change effort. Today's business environment requires companies to undergo changes almost constantly if they are to remain competitive. Students of organizational change identify areas of change in order to analyze them. A manager trying to implement a change, no matter how small, should expect to encounter some resistance from within the organization.
It is not only important to create a change friendly environment, it is also important to find the best models and frameworks to implement the change. Kotter's eight-step model for organizational change is a detailed model and it provides organizations with a step-by-step guide to implement change effectively. According to Calegari, Sibley, & Turner (2015) the steps include "1) create a sense of urgency; 2) build a guiding team; 3) get the vision right; 4) communicate the vision for buy-in; 5) empower action; 6) create short-term wins; 7) don't let up; and 8) make change stick." (p. 34). Some of the merits of this model include it's widely recognized effectiveness, it is very detailed and it focuses on responses to change (Calegari, et al., 2015; Smith, 2011). There are also shortcomings in this model, including the lengthy process, no flexibility in flow, and it is very sequential (Calegari, et al., 2015; Smith, 2011). I would adjust for the shortcomings by stressing the importance of every step. I would ensure that every step is properly followed as quickly as possible.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss organizational change and the management of that change. I will talk about the different drivers of change, the factors a leader needs to weigh to implement change effectively, the various resistances a leader may encounter while trying to implement change, and how various leadership styles will effect the realization of change. I will also discuss the knowledge I have gained through the completion of this assignment and how I think it might affect the way I manage change in my workplace.
The second step is to form a powerful coalition. This step requires strong leadership of someone that can take the bull by the horns and build a team of key people that work together to build momentum for the need for change. The third step is to create a vision for change. This step involves help of the coalition to spread the vision to others as part of the strategy to execute it. It should be short, sweet and to the point. Your vision speech should be strong, clear, and practiced. The fourth step is to communicate the vision. It is important to apply your vision to all aspects of the business which may include company newsletters, banners, or throughout the
The above steps of Kotter’s change model, may create the impression that these processes are always carried out on logical and rational program. However, changes in the organization are not always a simple and linear process. Often, this process looks like a disorderly of ebb and flow. It’s therefore considered that the “step by step” of Kotter’s approach oversimplifies the nature of organizational change. Change can be sudden, passing through a series of continuous adjustments and adaptations, and without serious interference with certain activities and experiments may lead to consequences that could interfere with organizational changes. In addition, each organization has its own specifications, which manifests itself in all phases of change.
To survive long term in competitive world, profit or non-profit organisations have required change according to the change business environment such as globalisation, technological changes and uncertain events. There are several models developed to manage and lead the change. These models are Lewin’s change model, Kotter’s 8-step model and action research. With the support of management I would like to follow kotter’s 8-step model to manage and lead to change in the organisation. By following the steps of these models
Change happens in all aspects of life. Leaders view change as being good most of the time. An organization can’t move forward without change. This paper will discuss how leaders can use levels of change and the steps of Kotter’s change model to implement change. It will also give a Christian worldview as it pertains to the topics. Leader must learn the language to effectively communicate change. This will give managers an advantage and help demonstrate the vision for the future.
In this dynamic business environment, change is inevitable. Changes can be planned, or unintentional: depending on the driving forces behind. The major forces for change can be derived from the nature of the workforce, technology, economic shocks, competition, social trends, and world politics (Robbins & Judge, 2011). In this post the author will explain the Kotter’s eight –step approaches to managing organizational change and discuss how his company handles the planned changes in term of organization reconstruction.
When it comes to organizations, change is constantly occuring. Managers are accountable for preparing the business, in addition to helping the employees cope with the change. The purpose of this paper is to highlight an organization and to diagnose the need for change and present a plan to transform the company, using Kotter 's 8-Step Approach. The following topics will be covered in this paper, company overview, diagnosis, Kotter 's 8-Step Approach, and Conclusion.