John Snow's Choolera Outbreak

1. The Europeans poured have poured something into the water which sterilized the water and killed the toxins that become disruptive in the digestive system when they are consumed. They Europeans may have poured what are called oral rehydration salts into the well, which quickly works are combatting the cholera, and will prevent further outbreaks from occurring.

An investigation was necessary to find the cause of the outbreak, and how to stop it from continuing to spread. The campus clinic was interested in testing the following nine patients: Sue, Jill, Anthony, Wanda, Maggie, Maria, Arnie, Marco, and Alvin. All of the students have similar symptoms and agreed to being tested except for Alvin.

A reviewer in the London Medical Gazette suggested that Snow find people living side by side with lifestyles similar in all aspects except of their water source. He made this suggestion because this would ensure that the neighbors breathe the same air and resemble each other more in variables other than the water source. This would guarantee that the water is the source, and not other factors that is causing the cholera.

The Kelly outbreak is a famous phenomenon in Australia's colonial history. Whilst some people prefer to see the outbreak as a simple criminal incident between an outlaw and the police, most historians view it as a broader sociological phenomenon, involving conflict between a larger rural community and the colonial authorities.

The English, specifically the colonists, drank water of which was contaminated with bacteria such as Escherichia coli and high levels of saline and ended up causing diseases that

Although most disease struck the poorest, the upper class was not fully immune. Because people wanted to move to cities to make their lives better, they were forced to live around these diseases without proper means for prevention, protection, and recovery. Once contracting the disease, they would either die within hours or suffer from uncontrollable diarrhea and pain. In addition, scientific knowledge on disease was not as developed as it fortunately is today. Doctors had not yet learned the concept of a germ theory and instead associated the disease with the “bad air” that surrounded toxic, polluted cities. This “bad air” was known as miasa and was incorrectly used to explain the spread of cholera in major cities during the mid 1800s. After studies and research, doctors noticed that there was a heavy concentration of miasmata near certain rivers, but they still connected it to a lack of air quality in bustling cities such as Manchester, London, and Paris. Although air pollution and coal emissions did play a role in certain illnesses, they were not the main cause for diseases such as cholera. Poor ventilation, dirty homes, malnourishment, and no access to clean water made people easily susceptible to a ruthless disease like cholera. Moreover, causes of cholera were investigated more thoroughly after John Snow’s theory claimed that cholera was spread through the water John Snow was an English physician who is today considered one of the fathers of modern epidemiology, the branch of medicine that deals with the distribution and control of diseases relating to health. Finally, doctors could see cholera in a new light and were able to find better means of protection and prevention for its victims. Today, doctors recognize the germ theory of disease which states that some diseases are caused by microorganisms, and not just by “bad

John Snow’s findings in place, the Great Stink was the last factor that finally motivated the government to deal with their contaminated drinking water. Years later, another outbreak erupted. Farr, Radcliffe, and Whitehead referred to the now deceased physician’s theory of cholera. Farr was convinced that cholera originated in contaminated water, and he found out that the drainage system in the devastated part of the city was not in use yet. The outbreak of cholera on Broad Street and the iconic map thereafter helped to improve sanitation; the reputation of this famous, clean water, and the isolated cases that specifically fetched water from this pump, were a few factors that aided Snow in his conclusion that cholera came from the Broad Street well. Dr. Snow provided the theory, and Whitehead backed it with evidence. When the scientific mainstream came to accept the cholera theory of water, hygiene was significantly bettered in cities. Sanitary water supplies and waste-removal systems became the central infrastructure project of every industrialized city on the planet. These sewer lines and freshwater pipes made the modern city safe for new inventions and developments.

Laurie Halse Anderson masterfully tells the story of Mattie Cook and her family’s struggles though the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793. While Mattie and her family are fictional characters, the epidemic which struck Philadelphia was quite real. Based on what I have read so far in the novel, Fever 18793, I believe it is reasonable to infer that Matte’s mother will die or may even be dead already, but Mattie does not know it yet Lucille, Mattie’s mother, definitely has yellow fever.In Chapter 10, Dr. Kerr visits Mattie’s mother and tells her, “Autumnal fever indeed. Your mother has yellow fever. There’s no double at all” (Anderson 71). The reader clearly knows that yellow fever has proven deadly for many Philadelphia

An outbreak of HPS in The Four Corners area of the southwestern United States occurred when a Navajo man, who was healthy previously, became ill with symptoms of shortness of breath and died very rapidly. The man’s fiancée died a few days earlier with the same symptoms. Dr. James Cheek of the Indian Health Service stated: “"I think if it hadn't been for that initial pair of people that became sick within a week of each other, we never would have discovered the illness at all". (Tracking a Mystery Disease)

Maple Syrup Urine Disease is a potently fatal disorder which affects the body’s ability of breaking down three Branched chain amino acids: isoleucine, leucine and valine. The inability of breaking down the three-branched amino acid chain is due to defect in an enzyme called branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase. Which is the enzyme responsible for breaking down isoleucine, leucine and valine. This will result in high levels of the branched amino acids in plasma and alpha ketoacid in urine. The presence of alpha ketoacid in urine will result in a burned maple syrup odder. Hence the name, Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).

Smallpox epidemics had struck the tribes of the Upper Missouri at least twice before the terrible epidemic of 1837. The earlier epidemics of 1781 and 1801 took the lives of thousands of Mandans, Hidatsas, and Arikaras and forced them to move north to re-build their villages near the mouth of the Knife River. However, not long after the earthlodge villages became established on the Knife, they experienced the worst smallpox epidemic

As mentioned previously, one of the main public health concerns focused on a population of individuals that lacked access to clean water. One of the main assessments on sanitary conditions outside of the United States took place in the nineteenth century, when the discovery of how diseases spread was beginning to come into the light. In England, cholera outbreaks led to the deaths of thousands of people, with the cause of the disease a mystery. As a result, John Snow, another individual practiced public health, and who believed in the contagionist theory, began to observe cholera, particularly its pathology, and believed cholera entered into the body through the consumption of water (Snow, 2002). Snow then observed were those who had died of cholera had obtained their drinking water, and found the source of the cholera contamination to be from a

Water supply and sanitation have been a crucial issue since the birth of civilization. Over the years and throughout civilization, many large cities have been plagued with the requirement of water. The absence of clean water and proper sanitation ultimately leads to the downfall of society. It causes people to get diseases, suffer from dehydration, live in filthy environments, and can even lead to death. Water was very scarce for a long time in NYC, and the harsh impacts of this can be seen throughout history. During the 17th century, it was not safe for people to drink water because it was too filthy and contaminated. Fermented drinks, like alcohol or beer were common.

The Western definition of disease is the malfunctioning of biological and psychophysiological processes in the individual. This definition emphasizes the importance of individuals being in control of their own health and being disease free. In Nacirema there is a great focus on the human body and a considerable amount of time is spent on ritual activity to promote proper function. To combat our ailing bodies people turn to wellness and medicine which is a social institution. The way people view their bodies establishes the medical establishment to promote the society’s view of a healthy body. The way people view and treat obesity in America is usually judgemental blaming the individual for not controlling themselves and at a certain threshold

Jungle rot is a chronic ulcerative skin lesion caused by microorganism found in tropical climates, and it found its way in to our military's trenches, foxholes, and bases. It is usually found below the knee and around the ankle , and also occurs in the arms. This disease can erode muscles, tendons, and even BONES! No vaccine or cure has been found. Some of our soldiers have had their arms and legs amputated to save lives.