John Welch Research Paper

Until the Flexner Report of 1910, requirements for admission to medical schools were rudimentary at best. Even the two prestigious schools in Philadelphia, the University of Pennsylvania and Jefferson Medical College, required only “one year of college work, in which, however, conditions have been very freely allowed.” and “a high school education or its equivalent,” respectively. Students at the University of Pennsylvania in the 1840s and 1850s were taught that science is based on experience and making a “judgment” as to the correct answer to a question or a problem. Civil War Surgeons’ medical education was severely limited by the concept that disease was caused by “bad air” (Dorwart, Bonnie Brice).

New discoveries spawn more medical research in medical colleges. In 1910, Abraham Flexner of the Carnegie Foundation publishes his study on medical education, and induces major medical education reform. Medical knowledge flourishes and specialists account for 20% of physicians in 1940. Hospitals begin to embellish new medical technology as physicians relied on the hospital as a source of access to new technology and as a facility in which to care for their sickest patients. (Writer, Dominguez, 2011, 2-6)

Joseph E. Lee was born in Philadelphia in 1849, he graduated from Howard University in 1873. He moved to Florida that same year and became the first African American lawyer in Jacksonville and in the state of Florida. He served in the House of Representatives from 1875 to 1879 and in the state Senate from 1881 to 1882. He was one of the most influential African American men in Florida through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He was elected municipal judge of Jacksonville and was one of the first African Americans to have this honor. He educated free slaves at a college by the name of Edward Waters College. Lee worked as a public servant acting at various times as a state legislator, a lawyer, federal customs collector and educator.

Bob Lee was a man of true valor. He has honored his family's heritage for many years. One day Bob was sitting on his porch when he saw the most unusual thing, a whole

Two drunken white men raped a young black girl, Tonya Hailey, who was walking from a small store where she bought groceries. When the news reached her father, Carl Lee Hailey, he went to their hearing, where he shot and killed the two men, while also wounding a police officer. Carl Lee hires a white attorney, Jake Brigance, to represent him in court. Many people and organizations, such as the Ku Klux Klan, tried to sabotage Brigance’s likelihood of winning the case. With the help of a liberal law student, Brigance successfully acquitted Carl Lee Hailey for the murders of the two rapists.

With the start of medical school, studying basic sciences opened a door to the world enriched with years and years of research. With each passing semester, I gained more knowledge about the biochemical, physiological and anatomical aspects of medicine. The more knowledge I acquired, the more eager I became to apply what I had learnt into clinical practice. Those two years formed the foundation

When I move into my dorm for my first year of college, there is no question of which quote I would put onto my wall. Jimmy Dean, one of my favorite old school country singers, once said "I can't change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination." This quote has really stuck with me. It reminds me that life will not always go my way and it is imperative that I learn to do deal with whatever the world may throw at me.

In 1766, Rush arrived at the University of Edinburgh. In his first year, Rush attended classes in mathematics, French, Italian, and Spanish. In his second, he learned Materia Medica and the nature of science. In 1768; after just two years of studying, Rush defended a thesis and earned his “doctor degree of medicine.” After his time in Edinburgh, Rush continued his studies. In London, he underwent clinical observations in two different hospitals. After London, Rush went to Paris, where he extended and completed his clinical training. In 1769, he traveled back to America and began his career as a physician.

Joseph pierce is an inventor who created the indoor snow machine. No mess just touchable white snow that leaves no water. Really it is an amazing piece of work. There is only one problem, well for now. That is that Joseph is only 9 years old. Joseph is walking to school with his two friends Emily and Alex in the land of Pictopia. Pictopia is a hidden underwater continent humans made after the icebergs melted and the ozone was destroyed.

Born in January of 1580 in Lincolnshire, England, started out as an apprentice to a merchant before later joining the English army. During his military career he was captured during a movement in Hungary against the Turks. After being enslaved for a time he was sent to serve a mistress for awhile before being sent again on to the mistress's brother. In the hands of this man, Smith was required to do farm work and received harsh treatment. John, in turn of this harsh treatment, ended up killing the man he was working for and escaped to England a short time later (early 1600s).

John Henry Weber was born in Holstein in 1779. He grow up to be a fur trapper. During his time

Abraham Flexner was one of the most influential advocates of medical education reform in the United States. Born to German Jewish immigrants on November 13, 1866 in Louisville, Kentucky, Flexner attended Johns Hopkins and earned a bachelor’s degree in 1886. Once earning his bachelor’s degree, Flexner returned to Kentucky to teach Latin and Greek at the high school in Louisville. In 1890 Flexner opened “Mr. Flexner’s School”, his own private college preparatory school based on the idea that there would be no formal curriculum, no examinations, and the students would not be graded on, nor any academic records kept of their work. Remarkably, the school stood out at preparing students for prestigious colleges (Institute for Advanced Study, n.d.). Flexner closed his school in 1905 and returned to college where he received his master’s degree from Harvard in 1906.

The bank crash of 1930 wiped out a young man's entire savings, destroying his dream of going to medical school. However, this didn't stop him from going on to revolutionize the medical profession.

The biographical data of Dr. Levi Jay Hammond, prominent member of medical society of Philadelphia, are quite limited.12,13

Medical education has changed excessively throughout the years. Physicians in the 18th century had no knowledge of