Joint Program Of Saudi Diploma

Diabetes is a disease affects many different systems of the body. It can be a devastating disease and with the increasing numbers of people with the disease it is crucial that research in done to help prevent and control the disease. Along with the increase number of patients diagnosed with diabetes type 2 comings with the high cost of the disease. The complications and increasing cost of diabetes has drawn attention to the need for its prevention and its complications. With exercise and diet studies have shown that a diabetes type 2 diagnoses can be prevented or prolonged. Along with exercise to has been shown that nutrition plays a role in managing the prevention of diabetes. Also in the study conducted by the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group that was shown that with people who took metformin before being diagnosed with diabetes had a lower change of developed type 2 diabetes. In conclusion through it is shown that maintaining a health diet, and exercising diabetes type 2 can possibly be prevented and with further research there may be a cure

According to Zimmet (2001), about 150 million people in the world have been suffering with diabetes and it would be 300 million by 2025. Another interesting study by AusDiab in 2000 revelead that 7.4% of the population aged 25 or over had diabetes (type 2 in 90%) Since 1981, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased to twice in and the total number of cases has increased threefold in Australia (Dunstain 2002).Although type 2 diabetes is effecting all races,it was identified highly in south Asians and also worlds one-third diabetic population is from indian continent ( Jean 2008). According to the report from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in United states of America, nearly 25.8 million people have been affected by diabetes in 2010 with 90- 95% of them being type 2 DM (CDC 2011). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus which is characterized by the deficiency and resistance of the

Diabetes mellitus has a worldwide prevalence of 8.3 percent of the population with the amount of new cases diagnosed per year

Most type 2 diabetes occurs n the middle-aged adults, frequently after age 45. According to American Heart Association, over 230,000 U.S. deaths per year contributed by Diabetes. Many of the Type 2 diabetes are not aware they have the disease and may already have developed various health complications associated with it. There are many characteristics of developing pre diabetes. Some of risks are beyond individual’s control such as age, family history, race or ethnicity background and/or history of gestational diabetes. If people do not take care of their health and improve overall quality of life, the risk factors increase. Risk factors include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, and abnormal cholesterol levels that can also risk cardiovascular disease.

Type 2 diabetes is an enormous and rising chronic disease seen in the United States (U.S.) and throughout many parts of the world. “Nearly 26 million Americans have the disease” (Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow & Ratner, 2012, p. 1380). This includes over 10% of the total adult population and greater than 25% of the population 65 years and older (Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow & Ratner, 2012). High prevalence rates of prediabetes have been recorded as well. According to Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow & Ratner (2012), there is an additional 79 million adult Americans who have prediabetes. There are several reasons type 2 diabetes has a higher prevalence rate at this time and these risks include; age, ethnicity, obesity, family history, smoking and a sedentary

The authors of this article described the nature of this problem by mentioning that the pre-diabetes blood testing are widely recognized as an important test, which provides early warning of diabetes onset. Diabetes type 2 is one of the fastest growing chronic health condition and by promoting lifestyle changes, which is the beneficial and cost-effective way to reduce the burden of this disease is very

“Over 29 million people have diabetes. More than one and three adults have prediabetes, and 15 to 30 percent of them will develop type 2 diabetes within five years” (Pietrangelo 11). Diabetes are the number one health issue in America. There are two types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2. However, Type 2 is the most common in America. Therefore, the knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes is important, so that people have the understanding on how to prevent or control it.

Type 2 diabetes can be treated if a person eats healthy, control their body weight, exercise regularly and eat at regular intervals.  According to a case study conducted in Bangladesh, diabetes currently affects 30% of its adult population either as pre-diabetes or fully expressed Type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is fast rising and is caused by the rapid changing of lifestyles in developing countries because most individuals are now purchasing fast foods more often, and they may not have the time to engage in physical

Over the past few years, a rapid increase in type 2 DM prevalence has been documented worldwide. The word epidemic is increasingly used in the context of diabetes and obesity. Even more alarming, type 2 DM is now present and apparently increasing in younger people, including children (14). To what extent the increase in the proportion of people with diabetes is explained by an increasing incidence of the disease, and how much is it due to increased relative survival or earlier diabetes detection, still remains to be answered. The documented epidemic of obesity (15) together with increasing incidence rates of type 2 DM (16,17,18) suggest that the rapid increase in diabetes prevalence throughout the world can largely be attributed to the increasing

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disorder in which blood sugar (glucose) levels are abnormally high because the body does not produce enough insulin to meet it's needs (Kishore, 2008). Due to the lack of education, many people with DM are not aware of the fact that it requires lifestyle changes, which happens to be challenging for most.

The cross-sectional study was conducted with 390 patients with type two diabetes. The researchers had no relationship or connection with the participants. The participants attended the Diabetes Research Center of Hamadan (DRCH), and were selected by simple random sampling. Following the first few steps, the participants were selected based on certain criteria. The criteria included: having a health record with DRCH for at least one year.

Haddad and Saad (1998) studied the prevalence of DR and its risk factors among 500 people with diabetes in Oman. They found that the significant risk factors for DR development were patient age, DM duration, presence of ischaemic heart disease, systemic hypertension, high fasting glucose level, high levels of urea, creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum. However when the subjects were divided into two age groups; less than 40 years and 40 years and above, the result showed lower risk for DR in the latter group. Diabetes duration of more than 10 years increased the risk for DR by 8.7 times and the risk increased steadily for every five years onwards. In another study in Oman few years later, Khandekar, Al Lawatii, Mohammed, and Al Raisi (2003) investigated the prevalence of DR among 2249 randomly selected people with diabetes. In that study, diabetes and DR were defined according

Over 371 million people worldwide have diabetes and approximately half of these are women. In 2014 the global prevalence of diabetes * was estimated to be 9% among adults aged 18+ years. A substantial 80% increase will be seen in middle to low income countries and the highest rise will be seen in Indian sub-continent. WHO reports that 55% of diabetes deaths occur in women.

The increasing global trend of type 2 diabetes has been well established. The main reasons for the reported projected rate are epidemiologic transition and nutrition transition including unhealthy dietary habits combined with lower levels of physical activity(6,7).

The data on Diabetes Prevalence (% of the population aged 20 to 79) from 2014 was obtained from the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI) Database. The prevalence represents the percentage of people with T1 and T2 diabetes. Since 90% of individuals affected by diabetes are suffering from T2 diabetes [12], this indicator was used as the measure of T2 diabetes in Africa for this study.