Jonas Edward Salk

The history of vaccinations begin with Edward Jenner, the country doctor from Gloucestershire who found, growing on cows, a nearly harmless virus the protected people from smallpox. Jenner’s vaccine was safer, more reliable, and more durable than variolation, and it is still the only vaccine to have eliminated its reason for being-in 1980, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease extinct. For nearly a century and a half, smallpox was the only vaccine routinely administered, and it saved millions of lives . But the controversy that marked the return of the vaccine, amid bioterrorism hysteria in 2002, was only the latest twist in the remarkable, mysterious life of vaccines.

Thesis Statement: We will look at how and why the influenza vaccine might work less some years.

Edward Jenner and the Discovery of Vaccines Edward Jenner (1749-1823) trained in London, under John Hunter, and was an army surgeon for a period of time. After that, he spent his whole career as a country doctor in his home county, Gloucestershire (West of England). His research was based on careful case studies and clinical observation more than a hundred years before scientists could explain what viruses and diseases actually were. His innovative new method was successful to such an extent that by 1840 the British government had banned alternative preventive treatments against smallpox. [IMAGE]

Thesis: Immunizations are one of the most important medical advances in history. They have severely reduced the effects of dozens of viral infections and everyone should consider getting immunized.

Vaccines change over time as science makes advancements and diseases processes evolve and emerge. Around 400 BC, Hippocrates recognized the now preventable diseases, such as diphtheria and mumps (Immunization Act Coalition, 2015). The first effort to immunize dates back to the 1100’s when children were inoculated with scabs from individuals who recently had small pox, with a technique coined as variolation. Then in 1796, Edward Jenner successfully created the first small pox vaccine (Immunization Act Coalition, 2015).

In the book, “Survival of the Sickest”, Sharon Moalem forms the basis of how vaccine originated to become a way of combatting the most dangerous diseases in the world. It began with a discovery from a man named Edward Jenner, a doctor from Gloucestershire county in England, where he began to understand a strange pattern when people who were immune to cowpox were struggling with smallpox and vice-versa. He started to test his findings through a small experiment where he injected cow pox into a group of young children and he was surprised to see that their bodies built immunity towards smallpox and supported his findings on the bizarre immunity of people towards either the smallpox or the cowpox but not to both. The rest of the chapter explains complex concepts

Mandatory vaccination continues to be a contentious subject in the United States, even though extensive evidence proves inoculation prevents certain diseases. According to A. Plotkin & L. Plotkin (2011), the evolution of the first vaccine commenced in the 1700’s when a physician named Edwards Jenner discovered that cowpox protected individuals from one of the deadliest diseases termed smallpox. The precise virus Jenner used is unclear; however, it was espoused in the extermination of smallpox worldwide. The researchers further explained, the unearthing of the subsequent vaccine known as chicken cholera occurred approximately 80 years later by Louise Pasteur. Ever since, copious vaccines such as rabies, yellow fever, varicella, pneumococcal, mumps and recently HPV have been introduced.

What are vaccines? The Immunization Partnership, in a lighter tone, claims that “vaccines perform a Jedi mind trick on your body.” (TIP Talk!, N.p.) For example, the influenza vaccine contains dead flu virus cells to teach our body how to fight off the flu when a human is exposed to it. This makes it so our body can successfully, or lessen the effects, of the flu if attained. As of 2016, according to Monica with the Pew research center, “Only three states – Mississippi, West Virginia and now California – do not allow religious or personal exemptions to vaccines.” (Anderson, N.p.) The first vaccine was around 1879. It was created by a man known as Louis Pasteur. In a chart provided by Immunize.org, “1879- Louis Pasteur created the first live attenuated bacterial vaccine (chicken cholera)” (Vaccine Timeline, N.p.)

Then later in life he built an institute. In his early life he did many things and had a lot of great accomplishments. He was the eldest son of Orthodox Jewish-Polish immigrants and was born in East Harlem, New York, on October 28, 1914. Then after a while he graduated with a bachelor’s degree in science in 1933, at the age of nineteen, and went on to New York University’s School of Medicine.

Jonas Salk was born on October 28, 1914, in New York. He grew up with parents who had never finished school. His parents had always encouraged him to do well in school, and do better than they did. In fact, Jonas was the first

An early form of immunization is variolation which was a practice believed to have originated in China in which dried small pox scabs would be changed into a powder and inhaled through the nose. This technique was spread from China to India and eventually reached the Royal Society of London in the 1700s. After successful variolation stories had traveled to the United States scientists in the United States began to study variolation and eventually began vaccinating. It wasn’t until the early

In February 1952, Jonas Salk at University of Pittsburgh announced that he’d developed the world’s first polio vaccine, but he couldn’t begin offering it to the children until he’d tested it on a large scale to prove it was safe and effective. And doing that would require culturing cells on an enormous, industrial scale, which no one had done before (Rebecca Skloot).

Measles. Polio. Smallpox. The flu. Imagine the world when vaccines were yet to be created. There was a time when people lived in fear of dreadful diseases. Thanks to the introduction of vaccines, many of those devastating diseases have been nearly or completely wiped out. Despite these results, for some people, the question remains: should we vaccinate? Today, I will be discussing the development of the first vaccine, global benefits, and the anti-vaccine movement.

Jonas salk invented the IPV vaccine. He was born October 28, 1914 to Russian parents. His parents had no education but wanted him to be successful so they encouraged him to work hard. “In 1939 he received a Medical Degree from New York University College of Medicine. In 1942 he joined one of his professors at the University of Michigan School of Public Health” (Petersen, Jennifer B). Jonas and his professor developed vaccine for influenza, which was Salk’s first invention. Then he traveled to Pittsburgh and became a Professor. There, he also became head of the virus research lab. He worked on a vaccine there. He used the killed virus to prevent people from contracting it. On July 2, 1952 he vaccinated 42 children who did not have polio and his trials succeeded. On April 12, 1955 Salk vaccinate 1.8 million children and right after he announced that his trial were effective and that the vaccine works (Petersen, Jennifer B).

    As Dr. Fauci stated, “Without hyperbole, Hilleman as an individual has had a more positive impact on the world than any other scientist” (Fauci qt. by Altman). Maurice R. Hilleman is an American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and used his past experiences to develop new scientific methods and vaccines. His dedication and hard work to save lives and find ways to cure diseases was not commonly seen by other scientists, which made him very special. He never gave up and achieved his goals to protect people from viruses and diseases. Maurice Hilleman impacted the world by developing over forty vaccines, preventing a repetition of a past flu pandemic, extending the life expectancy rates in many countries and laying the groundwork on which the