Jones Fernyhough 2009 Caffeine, Stress, and Proneness to Psychosis-Like Experiences

About 80% of American adults consume 200 mg of caffeine a day. “A 12-oz. (tall) coffee from Starbucks will run you about 260 mg, while a 14-oz. Dunkin’ Donuts coffee contains 178 mg.” The daily intake of caffeine differed between products; one should always check the amount before consumption. There are no limits on how many energy drinks a person can purchase, which make it easy to abuse. Especially in younger children the addiction rate outstandingly high. Which may lead to other drug usage in the future and the committal dependence on stronger drugs.

Please submit an annotated bibliography of 5-10 books, journals, web sites, and other appropriate materials related to your research topic. All group members must create an annotated bibliography of 5-10 original resources. (Group members may not have the same resources).

An independent samples t-test was conducted to examine the difference between experimental conditions on test performance. The results indicated a significant difference between participants who consumed the caffeinated beverage and participants who did not, with participants in the caffeinated group (M = 7.64, SD = 2.41) performing worse than participants in the non-caffeinated group (M = 9.81, SD = 3.16), t (97) = 2.14, p < .05.

Caffeine is a psychoactive drug and potentially deadly in large amounts, especially for adolescents (Hershorin, Lipschulz, Schaechter & Seifert, 2011). Caffeine is one the most common energy drink ingredients and one of the most widely consumed substances in the world. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), caffeine is a chemical stimulant compound found in various plants that acts as a central nervous system stimulant. Caffeine is produced naturally and artificially. Caffeine is found mainly in coffee, tea, soda, chocolate, energy drinks and some over-the-counter medications. Due to the increasing demands placed on teenagers today, caffeine is becoming more prevalent in adolescents. While the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends children have no more than 100 mg of caffeine a day due to unknown medical conditions, the fact a teenager’s brain is still in a developmental stage, and the importance sleep plays in the developing brain. Table 1, shows the amount of caffeine for the energy drinks in this report. (Note-this does not include the caffeine from blend ingredients)

Worldwide about 1 percent of the population is diagnosed with schizophrenia, and approximately 1.2% of Americans (3.2 million) have the disorder. About 1.5 million people will be diagnosed with schizophrenia this year around the world. In the United States, this means about 100,000 people will be diagnosed, which translates to 7.2 people per 1,000 or about 21,000 people within a city of 3 million who are likely to be suffering from schizophrenia (Rashmi Nemade , Ph.D. & Mark Dombeck, Ph.D. Schizophrenia symptoms, patterns and statistics). Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects the way a person thinks, acts and expresses emotions. People

Previous studies have provided a lot of knowledge on the effects of combining alcohol use and caffeinated drinks. Studies have also researched and provided sufficient information on the subject of the relationship between the expectancies of drinking alcohol and alcohol-related problems. However, previous research has not elucidated the relationship between the expectancies of using caffeinated alcoholic drinks and alcohol-related problem (Schry & Norberg, 2013). This study explores the expectancies of using alcohol alone and the expectancies of caffeinated alcoholic drinks and their related problems. The study also aims to establish whether there are any significant differences between the two. By studying this area, the study will uncover information that will bridge this gap in literature.

Symptoms that follow caffeine consumption are: anxiety, panic attacks, increased heart palpitations, trembling, stress, heartburn, and the deprivation of sleep (Driedger, Doyle par 2). Over time these symptoms can become more severe and eventually will become a major disturbance in one’s life. The anxiety that comes from this can be especially harmful to those who suffer from anxiety disorders, such as GAD-General Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder as the caffeine can stimulate a panic attack (Human par 3). The most apparent concern of caffeine consumption, is its effects on teen life. Dr. Jim Lane, a researcher at Duke University stated, “Teens are chronically sleep deprived. Caffeine use might be a consequence of that, and also a cause. Drinking coffee could lead to sleep-onset insomnia, or a delay in going to bed, that contributes to sleep deprivation” (Teens par 7). This shows that as the caffeine trend among teens continue, the link to teen sleep deprivation strengthens. Not only does it prevent the continuation of sleep, but also the process of even falling asleep is delayed. The more deprived of sleep these

Introduction: (bring a monster, sip it) alright. How many of you here drink coffee, energy drinks, or soda daily? Well we aren’t alone; according to Villanova Health Service about 90 percent of Americans consume caffeine in one way or another every single day.

Even though I do not possess a caffeine produced disease, I have experienced the consequences of drinking high amounts of caffeine which includes anxiety, insomnia, gastritis, colitis, mild tremors, and irritability. Although small quantities of caffeine may not substantially cause serious problems, if consumed in high quantities (>400mg.), it might worse the conditions of an anxiety disorder, diarrhea, bipolar disorder, bleeding disorders, heart conditions, diabetes, glaucoma, osteoporosis, epilepsy, irritable bowel syndrome, and high blood pressure (webmd, 2009). In addition to the consequences of caffeine mentioned above, new studies have linked caffeine to psychotic symptoms (Grimson, 2011). At the moment, I do not suffer any of the diseases previously mentioned, but I do have a family history of diabetes, depression, and anxiety disorders. Thus, the predisposition to any of the risks of a high caffeine intake increases. In summary, the consequences of consuming high doses of caffeine vary from person to person, and it may elicit different effects, which may range from a mild change of mood to a complex psychotic break; therefore I considered quitting caffeine an optimum choice for a healthier

Thesis: Caffeine is something that almost everyone has consumed and some people are even addicted to. Caffeine has negative and positive effects on one’s health

One on the beneficial effects on caffeine, two the negative effects, and finally on trends in caffeine consumption

Caffeine has many negative effects on humans, such as increased heart rate (Lane, J.D., 2002), depression (Goldstein, 2008), and addiction to this “drug.” You may be asking yourself, “What is caffeine?” Well, caffeine is actually a stimulant (Barone, Roberts, 2008) that is found in beverages such as tea, coffee, and soft drinks. In fact, caffeine is the highest grossing and most used stimulant in the United States (Barone, Roberts, 2008). It is estimated that 85% of adults living in the United States consume caffeine on a daily basis (Barone, Roberts, 2008). That means for every 100 adults, 85 of them have had a drink that contained caffeine on any given day. One reason caffeine is so widely available compared to other stimulants is

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that is diagnosed in 0.5%-1% of the population in their lifetime (van Os et al, 2010). Its literal translation is ‘split-brain’, though it does not refer to multiple personality disorder, but rather a split from reality characterized by its disturbed perceptions, disorganized thinking and inappropriate emotions (Myers, 2010). Much research has been carried out to gain a better understanding of the causes of this serious disorder. A popular theory is the diathesis-stress model. This theory of schizophrenia proposes that stress can elicit a pre-existing vulnerability to the disorder (Jones & Fernyhough, 2007). This model focuses on the interaction between genetic heritability of the disorder, and the environments interaction

Caffeine addiction has caused many people to gain more and more diseases throughout our nation. Caffeine, is a stimulant to the central nervous system, and regular use of caffeine does cause mild physical dependence. “The brain of people who consume caffeine can be addicted because it is used to operating in one set of conditions that depend on the ingestion of caffeine” (Stromberg). According to Stromberg, “Caffeine closely resembles a molecule that’s naturally present in our brain, called adenosine, Normally, the adenosine produced over time locks into these receptors and produces a feeling of tiredness.” When people decide to withdraw caffeine it usually gives them headaches, affect their sleeping behaviors, cause nausea, and feel flu like symptoms. According to Science behind food and cooking in the kitchen,“People have used caffeine since the Stone Age. Early people groups found that biting the seeds, bark, or leaves of specific plants had the impacts of facilitating weakness, empowering mindfulness, and hoisting mind-set. Just considerably later was it discovered that the impact of caffeine was expanded by soaking such plants in high temp water. Many societies have legends that characteristic the revelation of such plants to individuals living a huge number of years in the past. According to Newport Academy, “A lot of adults and teenagers consume coffee, tea or other caffeinated products without realizing that they’re chemically dependent on this substance. But if

Psychosis is a symptom included in many psychological diseases. In the premature stages of psychoses, it is problematic to diagnose the patient with a specific type of psychosis.