Journal Article Evaluation And Critique

For example, the social class has five labels, lower, working, middle, upper-middle, and upper. These labels are then portrayed of the general approach used in popular language and by researchers (Bird and Newport 2). In the article “Counselors’ Social Class and Socioeconomic Status Understanding and Awareness” by Jennifer M. Cook and Gerard Lawson, it explains how socioeconomic status is an

What is even stranger is that women fully enforce this sexual double standard. Over 99% of woman agree that women enjoy sex as much as men do, yet when asked to describe a woman who has had many sexual partners, over 59% percent of women used words that fell under the negatively connotative ‘Promiscuous’ category, using words like “slut,” “cheap,” “loose,” “whore,” “easy,” and “dirty.” Twelve percent of women even used words that would suggest that sexually liberal woman are psychologically damaged, using words like “insecure,” “lonely,” “desperate,” “needy,” and ‘unfulfilled.” Only 8% of women tagged a sexually liberal woman in the more positive category of “sexually focused,” the respondents feeling that “these women were uncommitted and focused on sex rather than the relationship” (Milhausen and Herold). In addition, “Women were more likely to discourage a female friend from dating a highly experienced male that a male friend from dating a highly experienced female” (Milhausen and Herold). This fact furthers the case for women’s involvement in maintaining the double standard. In a one study researchers found that “Women will endorse a sexual double standard in which women are judged more

America is a complex and diverse web of individuals marked by social stratification, a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy (Macionis, 2011, p.204). The film People Like Us: Social Class in America discusses the class system, social stratification based on both birth and individual achievement, which the American people use to define others (Macionis, 2011, p.206). It explores the many variables that contribute to the determination of a person’s class; such as, ancestry, education, and money. Ancestry will be a main focus because it has such a strong influence on the class system of today. The film provided an informative and entertaining

Throughout the book, Bogle places particular attention to gender differences. Supporting Bogle’s findings, there is still a double standard for men and women. Participation in the hookup scene is risky for women, while men have few, if any risks. Women who behave too “sexually” in the hookup culture have to recognize that there are repercussions. These repercussions include damaged reputations, being labeled, and being ostracized by peers. Women can get labeled, damage their reputations, or ostracized by having too many partners, hooking up with two guys that know each other well, dressing in a seductive manner, constantly hanging around a fraternity house, or drinking too much.

The theory being tested in the article is that women participate in slut shaming as a way for them to distance or separate themselves from other women. The reason they separate themselves is a way for women to categorize other women into different statuses and a way for themselves to maintain their own status. The status classes women are categorized in are linked to the social class they are a part of. Slut shaming among women is not necessarily based on their sexual acts, but of the way they act as a woman. The theory also states that slut shaming is also a result of male dominance and female submission. The slut label was created by men due to a double standard created by society. The double standard is that men are expected to act upon their sexual desires regardless of being in a relationship or having any emotional connection with the person they’re engaging that sexual act with all while women are only allowed to participate in sexual activities if they are in a loving and committed relationship. However, if

This phenomena causes women to either hide or suppress their sexual desires and even be negatively labelled (Jervis, Lisa). Women cannot escape these labels, which is completely unjust and an element that helps to continue the female victim blaming cycle. Furthermore, the portrayal and treatment of women in media, especially in pornography demonstrates to men, that all women want to be dominated and that females are all whores at heart (“Pornland: How the Porn Industry Has Hijacked Our Sexuality”). This objectification of women in pornography causes females to be more vulnerable and at risk for rape since most of the viewers are men who ingest this false fantasy. Therefore, this leads a rape culture in a society that does not take rape accusations seriously since women are recognized to hold the power to lure men, but in reality both sexes have the ability to attract one

Does social class change the amount of problems people have? The truth is, no matter what social class you are, everyone will always have problems, just like in The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton. Even though the Socs have much more money than Greasers, they both equally end up with the same number of difficulties. Using the novel, including two articles,”A Generation Struggling: Rich Kids are Losing” and “Alarming Number of Teens are Quitting School to Go to Work,” the effects of money, low income, and stereotypes from both groups are discussed.

Presently an ongoing turmoil between women is the insulting and shaming of one another’s sexual tendencies which have been inflicted upon society by the misogynist double standards imposed by men. In doing so, women are belittled in their slut shaming and are therefore degraded and neglected in their social life. Collectively Elizabeth A. Armstrong; Laura T. Hamilton; Elizabeth M. Armstrong; and J. Lotus Seeley composed an article, ‘ ' 'Good Girls ' ': Gender, Social Class, and Slut Discourse on Campus’ in 2014 for Social Psychology Quarterly (p. 100-122), utilizing observations on social psychology, gender, and culture to argue that undergraduate females exploit shaming to construct social barriers around status groups—along with overseeing sexual behavior and social relations among females. Within the study, the primary focus is what determines the right of the discrimination between supposed good girls and the promiscuous alongside how it functions in the select college females within a university dorm hall. Attention is also drawn to the fact that men are encouraged to have sexual activity in general whereas women are restricted to minor contact within relationships or face the detrimental judgement of society.

Valenti’s examples stood out to me because I am female, and I understand what it feels like being labeled a “slut” because I have a vagina. I will give my response on three double standards that I relate to from Valenti’s experience.

By culminating all these different definitions of the word “slut” that the mother goes on about, it means someone who does not do what society perceives as proper and key to do, therefore spurned by society. Hence the mother tries to prevent her daughter from becoming someone who does not do the

America is divided into groups based on many different characteristics. Some of those characteristics may include race and ethnicity, cultures, religions, age, sexual orientations and genders. No matter which group someone defines with based on those characteristics, an individual will be labeled one step further to fit into a social class. In America, the most basic structure of social classes is broken down into upper, middle, and lower class. However, the perspectives of what each of those social structures looks like differs based on an individual’s characteristics. This analysis will examine the structures of the American social class from the perspectives of people of color, women, and gender orientation.

Hurtado (2010) states “individuals, by definition, exist within social relations … [influencing] the practice of norms, values expectations, motivations, histories and languages, as filtered through culture,” (pg. 30). This suggests gender or race does not decree difference in research results, but a complex entanglement of social statuses and positions coming together. Stewart (1992) indicates power relations (dominant vs subordinate groups) influence the various personality traits occurrences and consequences. “For subordinates, agreeableness may make survival possible; for dominants, it is entirely optional,” (pg. 61), clearly illustrating how social relations construct “differences” among social

In human sexuality, slut-shaming is a form of social stigma applied to people, especially women and girls, who are perceived to violate traditional expectations for sexual behaviors. Some examples of circumstances wherein women are slut-shamed include violating dress code policies by dressing in perceived sexually provocative ways, requesting access to birth control, or when being victim blamed for being raped or otherwise sexually assaulted.

Personality is a ‘dynamic organisation, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that crate the person’s characteristic patterns of behaviour, thoughts and feelings’ (Allport, 1961, p.11). Various terms were used to define personality across the description of individual differences from various perspectives (Maltby, Day & Macaskill, 2007, pp. 9). Personality psychology is spread wide out therefore there are significant researches done throughout to understand personality, one of the research in describing and explaining gender differences in personality. Although, this topic may seem evolved, it was not until the 1970’s when significant studies were piloted to learn gender differences in personality. To understand the emphasis and analysis of gender differences in personality, this essay will aim to approach theories and research evidence to confer the gender differences in personality. It will cover the aetiology of where these differences originated, followed by biological perspective to determine the gender of one self (male or female). Also, dig further into how personality theory of traits can explain the differences with evidence. However, firstly a brief account of male and female differences will be explained below.

Given that the structure of gender qualities has been a large part of our views, in regards to a variety of issues, a number of people take exception to variances from within these rules. Keeping this in mind, we will discuss the reasons why many individuals are discouraged from crossing traditional gender traits, and closely examine parts of the article assigned for this paper.