Journal Article Summary

The theory of unpleasant symptoms has three related components: the symptoms experienced by the individual, factors that affect the nature of the symptom experience, and the consequences of the symptom experience (Lenz, Pugh, Milligan, Gift, & Suppe, 1997). Symptoms can be measured individually or in combination with other symptoms, and they can often be characterized by intensity, duration and frequency, level of distress, and quality. Physiological factors, psychological factors, and situational factors each relate to each other and can influence the symptom experience (Lenz, Pugh, Milligan, Gift, & Suppe, 1997). Physiological factors include normal functioning of body systems, whereas psychological factors include the mental state and knowledge of symptoms. Situational factors are compromised of the social and environmental aspects that may affect the patient’s experience. The final component of the theory of unpleasant symptoms is the outcome of the symptoms experience, or

This process paper will evaluate the complex relationship between disease pathophysiology and how it has progressed to the patient’s current state of health. It will include a comprehensive discussion of chronic and acute problems leading to the patient’s hospital admission, a complete description of interrelationships and pathophysiology for all medical diagnoses, a comprehensive discussion of the client’s signs and symptoms and results of all diagnostic studies to the underlying pathophysiology, and a comprehensive listing of all medications ordered at the time of admission with explanations of why each was ordered and identification of the most common side effects which may

Outline the anatomy and physiology of the human body in relation to the importance of correct moving and positioning of individuals

The integration of predictive signals and sensory signals from an actual movement allows for accurate motor execution. Judgment of temporal order refers to certain arrangements of events in time (Keetels et al. 2012). The research paper “Predicting Future Sensorimotor States Influences Current Temporal Decision Making” (Hermosillo et al. 2011), describes an experiment where participants had to complete a temporal order judgment task (TOJ) where they were told to follow specific instructions on limb movement such as crossing or uncrossing arms. At the same time, they conducted vibrotactile stimulation and measured how it affected their decision-making. The main focus and finding of the paper demonstrated that planning limb movements (crossing/uncrossing arms) have some influence on judgments of temporal order, which suggests that the human brain is able to predict sensory consequences

Pt required Max-Mod A, verbal redirection, visual, tactile cues due to inconsisten attention to task when performr obstacle course act of going from seat on the floor to stand, going througth a tunnel, copy 3 letters word on board and blow bubbles, x 9. This act targeted Bilateral integration, UB/LB strengthening, endurance, balace, tracing , tripod grasp and focus attention. During writing he exhibited poor (line awarness, letter formation, direction, space between letters ). He also engaged in intrinsic hand muscles and in hand manipulation acts of forming words with pape clener to improve FM coordination, intrinsic hand muscle sttrengthening and attention. He required Max-Mod A verbal, tactile cues 70% of the time due to poor letters

A peer-reviewed journal article by Harris and Moore (2014) investigated the effects of a simulation-based educational program for 158 nursing students in their junior year of college. The groups of four nursing students practiced at three different simulation based medication administration stations one week prior to taking the medication administration exam (MAE). The study suggests that those who engaged in the simulation practice session before the exam scored significantly higher than those who did not participate. Early education on subjects of medication error will prepare healthcare students in their future occupations in hospitals and other medical settings. The findings in the study suggests that if contextual learning is implemented

Background and Purpose. Stroke patients with visual neglect can be treated with mirror therapy to improve neglect and function. Previous studies have shown improvement of neglect and function in stroke patients who are given mirror therapy on the upper extremity only. This research will exam whether mirror therapy of both the upper and lower extremity can show greater improvement than if mirror therapy is performed

During the evaluation and examination process, the physical therapist interviews patient, gather history and physical information as well as administer different testing and measurements as selectively indicated to materialized a clinical hypotheses of the functional movement impairment of a patient or client. Of note, are multiple test and measurements that are being used in clinical practice setting like hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, or outpatient clinics. In essence, the idea of administering tests and measures is to analyze the probable cause of any functional movement problems, which will identify any skilled needs for physical therapy services. The screening is a presumptive identification of unrecognized disease or defect by

For the purposes of this paper, the focus is on the first stage of motor learning, the cognitive stage. The patient has suffered a recent traumatic SCI influencing his ability to perform any task independently. He must now learn how to perform everyday tasks over again. The overall goal of the cognitive stage is to provide the patient with an understanding of the skill/task at hand and provides a trial and error approach for acquisition of the skills of performing that task. The example of bed mobility skills and the ability to roll left and right may be used to explain this concept. The patient should first be made aware of the task and purpose (to improve his independence with bed mobility), a demonstration of the task should be shown, and the patient should be able to verbalize what is expected during this task. Extrinsic feedback should be provided in the form of tactile and/or verbal cues, i.e. reminding the patient to rock his body to gain momentum to roll towards the left or right side from supine. This task should be performed on a blocked practice schedule initially and then progressed to random practice, where there are a variety of tasks performed in a random sequence. For example, have the patient roll to his left side and then back to supine repeatedly followed by having him roll right, then supine, then right, then supine, then left, then supine and mix up the directions of rolling1. Each task practiced with the patient should start with the cognitive stage and then progress to the associative when he is

Patients who suffer a right-hemispheric stroke occur deficits related to vision loss, lack of awareness of the positions of their bodies, and spatial awareness. The nurse would expect the patient to have left-sided weakness and/or paralysis. The nurse must make sure that the patient’s left side is still taken care of (limb is repositioned/properly cleaned) in the case that the patient has unilateral neglect syndrome (patient fails to recognize the affected part of their body). The patient may also experience poor impulse control as well as impaired judgement. The patient may also have visual changes and impaired depth perception. Time and perception of one’s abilities will also be detected. Safety interventions must be put in place by the nurse

Hallett, M. (2001). Plasticity of the Human Motor Cortex and Recovery from Stroke, Brain Research Reviews 36, 169-174.

The premotor cortex is involved in learning and executing complex movements that are guided by sensory information. Many studies suggest that the premotor cortex is involved in using arbitrary stimuli to indicate what movement should be made. The relationship between stimuli and movement are arbitrary and must be learned. For example Nowak et al (2009) found that participants would adjust the strength of their grip when picking up an object based on the colour of a dot.

In the paper titled: “a A graduate student‘s guide to publishing scholarly journal articles”, Donna Lee Van Cott (2005) addresses the detailed process of publishing scholar papers for graduate students. In this text, the summary of this paper including these steps and the main guidelines of publishing papers are presented.

In this article, Sahota et al. (2014) used a Quantitative research study aimed to report on the results of a randomised controlled trial of bed and bedside chair sensors using radio-pagers to reduce inpatient bedside falls in an acute, general medical elderly care ward. The authors used an experimental design to individually randomise patients to receive either a bed and bedside chair pressure sensor linked to a radio-pager or no sensor for the duration of their hospitalisation at Queen's Medical Centre in the UK. 3,929 eligible participants were assessed on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of them, the 1,839 were randomly allocated to two different groups; the intervention group and the control group. The groups were appeared to be well balanced at baseline for the author with 918 in the intervention group and 921 in the control group.

This introduces some performance bias but doesn’t significantly affect the results. Each participant received therapy at different times and had “no opportunity to observe eachother”, helping to further minimise performance bias. The treatment administered during the 2-hour sessions was the only difference between groups. The CIMT group repetitively practiced functional activities using their affected arm-e.g: dialling phone numbers, reaching, raising a cup to drink. The control group focused on weight-bearing in the affected limb and fine motor activities. Low attrition bias was reported. Outcome measures used demonstrate good reliability and validity while the outcome assessor was blinded to group allocation reducing risk of detection bias. All outcomes were described so low risk of reporting bias. Compared to control group,CIMT group exhibited reduced motor impairment and experienced greater improvements in physical aspects of QOL, such as hand function, mobility and ADL’s.