Jugaad Concept

As a first generation Indian-American, I am no stranger to being a part of a distinct community while observing two unique cultures. Traveling to India exposed me to a dynamic population with rich diversity comprising of numerous languages and differing religions. Though these individuals may have had differing customs from their neighbors, there were similar ambitions to conquer grinding poverty. This poverty can be clearly noticed by seeing citizens sleeping on floors of a railway station, or the lack of air conditioning in searing hot weather. The frailty and mortality of the human condition was starkly visible in India. As a fellow human, I was humbled not only by the lack of privilege and opportunity of many citizens, but also by their

There has been a question that has plagued the human race for decades. How in the world were the pyramids built? There are an infinite amount of theories, ranging from scaffolding, to winding internal ramps, but there is no definite answer for how these breathtaking structures were actually constructed. However, some theories, are more realistic than others. I deduce that the most practical way to build a gargantuan structure, such as a pyramid, is to use water and an internal ramp. Like any theory, there is some argument against it. Some people may say that transporting such colossal blocks inside the pyramid is impractical, impossible even, but I am under the impression that using water, and an internal ramp can be much more progressive than,

Of the three theories on how the Great Pyramid was built, in descending order of acceptability, the most suitable theory is Clifford Wilson’s followed by Joseph Davidovits’ and Erich Von Däniken’s argument. Clifford Wilson’s theory is the best because he illustrates how the pyramids were built and provides the evidence to prove his theory, however; this is unlike Joseph Davidovits’ theory because Davidovits does not fully answer questions that arise concerning his theory. The three theories have similar points, but contain very different ideas on the construction of the Great Pyramid. This is obvious in Clifford Wilson’s argument where he is repeatedly disproving Von Däniken’s theory that the “gods” created the pyramids, whereas in

The caste system has been extremely stable in India for over two thousand years. It is only since the more modern, independent state of India was formed that the system has come under any scrutiny at all. It is presently outlawed, but many of the practices, attitudes and traditions remain ingrained in Hindu society (University of Wyoming, 1997).

Why the Great Pyramid of Giza was built is a question that has been challenging archeologists, philosophers, and historians

The Egyptian pyramids have been the subject of many outlandish claims and construction theories for centuries. The Great Pyramid for example has been associated with pyramid power, curses, Atlantis, Mexican pyramids, Stonehenge, Nazca, the Bermuda Triangle, Biblical prophecy, Martian faces, advanced civilizations, space aliens, cavity resonators, and even levitation. It is not surprising that some who have proposed such theories have been dubbed "pyramidiots". This paper will attempt to give a more logical solution to the methods ancient Egyptians may have had used, and the problems they may have had, using factual information, scientific evidence and a bit of common sense.

Also, in Yucatan Peninsula, the Uxmal is the largest city. About 25,000 Maya lived in Uxmal no wonder why the pyramid was the tallest and the biggest pyramid. The Uxmal is at the center of other buildings, in another word the Uxmal was the capital of the Yucatan Peninsula. The Pyramid was basically built for the Maya people to live there not for another thing just a home for the Maya people. The people that research the Pyramid of the Magician say that the pyramid was built overnight by a dwarf that supposedly was hatched from an egg. Also, the dwarf overpowers the ruler that was already there and became the new ruler of the City which will be the Uxmal. They also call it the Dwarf's Pyramid because of the story of the dwarf building the pyramid. As time passed about 10th century A.D. Uxmal was abandoned, the Uxmal now today is an exhibit for people to visit and see a lot of things that the Mayas did on the structure. The people that visit the place need to pay about twenty pesos. Once they enter the people cannot walk on the stairs from past experience they had because the pyramid is tall and they don't want any problems. The only place they can walk on the stairs is on the other smaller buildings around the

Then next in the social pyramid would be the visor, small portions of the land belong to notables for example, priests, scribes, doctors, lawyers, or important military personnel, and slaves and peasants worked for the government. "The historical evidence suggests that farmers and other workers were employed during the flood season to erect the pyramids and other large building projects" (Rymer, 2000-2010). There were two types of workers in Egypt- skilled and unskilled, skilled worked year round and are crafted in goldsmiths, carpenters, sculptors, rock cutters, and painters. Unskilled workers were slaves and peasants that worked in large groups during the flood season producing crops.

What are the four major castes? What implications does the caste system have for everyday life? How does the caste system relate to Hindu ideas of spiritual life? “The four major castes of Hindu society are; seers ( brahmins ), administrators ( kshatriyas ), artisans or farmers ( vaishyas ), and followers or servants ( shudras)”( Smith 56). Smith writes, religious leaders, teachers, artists, and philosophers are members of the first caste, brahmins, khatriyas, the second caste, first known as warriors are now managers. The tillers of the land, the makers of bricks, and the builders are part of the third caste, vaishyas. The fourth caste is made up of servants, those who will take care of the other castes’ needs (56)”. While I was working in India, summer of 2001 and there at the invitation of the richest family in India and staying at one of their compounds, some of my co-workers and I were playing snooker. A young boy walked into the room where we were playing. He stopped and talked to us for a few minutes before continuing to bed. Accompanied by a man of about twenty years old, the boy’s shudra, who had been the boy’s personal servant for ten or more years. The shudra’s purpose was to protect and serve his charge’s every need. Although there is inequality between castes, Smith denotes.“ within each caste, there is equality, opportunity, and social insurance ( 57)”. Although the text

There have been many mysteries surrounding the pyramids in Egypt. Even though most experts point that the pyramids were constructed as burial sites for the pharaohs, it is still a mystery on how such pyramids of great size without any modern form of technology (Edwards, 1993). One of the theories that explain this mystery is the theory of levers. According to Herodotus, the pyramid was made of stairs and stones would be lifted from one level to the other using levers. It was therefore much easier to handle the stones as long as there were levers (Hodges, P., &Keable, 1993). The other theory was developed by Hardy and Killick in 1987 and it states that a caduceus coils in levitating the blocks of stone while building the pyramids (Hardy&Killick,

Hindus believe every individual has the opportunity to attain economic security. Hinduism uses a caste system; whereby specific casts are in charge of trading. Through this study,

This essay focuses on two different types of pyramids; the Step pyramid which was the first pyramid and the Great pyramid, which was the largest pyramid built in Egypt. The essay investigates the meaning of the selected forms for the Egyptian culture and explains their dialog with the cosmos.

In the deserts of Egypt lie the colossal remains of an ancient civilization. These enormous works of human endeavor are the only member of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World that time has passed down to us. These are, of course, the great pyramids of ancient Egypt. But these imposing structures were not built to impress civilization millennia down the road. The pyramids in fact had a purpose to the ancient Egyptians. While they seem very simple in nature, as they are simply four-sided pyramids with square bases, they had a meaning for those that had them built. Even by today’s standards, the pyramids of ancient Egypt were an impressive feat of engineering, due to their enormous size, both in building materials and finished product.

a Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India

I undersigned ………………………a student of T.Y.B.B.A., here by declare that the project work presented in this report is my own work and has been carried out under the supervision of prof. Kuldeep Jobanputra of R.P.Bhalodia College, Rajkot. This work has not been previously report submitted to any other university for any other examination.