Junot And Isabel

The transatlantic slave trade was a primary structuring force of brazilian society. When Brazil became independent in 1822 from portugal, the slave trade was perceived as a dominant activity in the country's economy because it involved so much formation and investments. Slavery played a significant role in the structure of Brazil considering that the system of involuntary labor was the biggest and most extended of all the slave societies in the Atlantic world. This molded Brazilian ways of life including jobs, transportation, economic concerns, political factors and culture in many ways.

A piece of evidence that impacts the whole document and King Affonso’s concern is that he mentions quiet frankly that he does not want his people or his noblemen taken from his land and sold into slavery. King Affonso pretty much implies that the Portuguese can go and take all the people that they want as long as they do not belong to his kingdom. The text is focused on a letter that is written by the highest authority whom had agreed to trading with these Portuguese but it does not inform on the thoughts of actually civilians experiencing and eye witnessing what is happening nor does it show any response of the King of Portugal. In order to really find out what is really going on, it is important to understand all sides to really make a thorough conclusion of any sort of bias.

To start, in Brazil the Portuguese become convinced that full-scale exploitation of the land was imperative for the safety of their entire overseas empire. Sugar cultivation was the ideal crop to guarantee the existence of a profitable colony. As a result, the Portuguese dominated the Atlantic slave trade. Various slaves from different parts of Africa were brought to Brazil and experienced difficult working and in living

By 1792, the French had sent troops in to try and restore order. These battles differed from the battles in the United States because they centered on ideas of racial equality. Poorly treated slaves and angry mixed race citizens fought not only for their right to have an independent nation, but for a literal freedom and equality for themselves. When Toussaint L’Overture, a former slave, took over the Haitian armies in 1793, he was fighting both the British and the French, two armies fighting to possess an island rich in resources, including the slaves who were fighting against them. He was a powerful leader and an intelligent military strategist, and his capacity to control the rebelling slaves greatly improved their organization. Battles with the French dragged on until 1803, when Napoleon no longer had the resources to sustain the warfare and withdrew his troops. By 1804, Haiti was an independent republic governed by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who in a final expression of racial tension had the remaining white citizens massacred. Both the United States and Haiti helped secure their independence through successful military campaigns, but Haiti’s independence had race as a focal point in a way colonists of the United States did not

Brazil was the last country in the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery in 1888, with a legacy that was built on the backs of African slaves. For over five-hundred years, the Portuguese engaged in the Transatlantic Slave Trade with Brazil as the main recipient, where, between 1502 and 1867, almost half of Africans being imported to the Americas were sent to Brazil. (“Brazil: A Racial Paradise”, Black In Latin America, 2011, Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Public Broadcasting Service, Web) The unfortunate reality of the slave trade to Brazil has led to a prevalent issue in modern-day society there: the influx of Africans during that time period has led to a large population of modern Afro-Brazilians who are disproportionately recognized by the government and society as a whole. Politically, Afro-Brazilians have little control over

Parliament abolished slavery in the British Empire in 1833 and passed a new Poor Law in 1834, which provided assistance just adequate to sustain life.

It led to changes like even more financial difficulties of the government as well as efforts to raise taxes which then was ruled by the monarchs. However soon it was stopped due to the Parliament. The government as also forced to finance all suppliers for the American War. They had to borrow money but dealt with a huge debt of owing money. Increasing taxes in France allowed increased revenues which was through fundamental reforms.

control of Haiti the lands of Louisiana were useless to France, and thus Napoleon decided

St. Domingue, what is now Haiti, was a place of sugar rich plantations owned by the french. A collection of rebel slaves started the Haitian Revolution in 1791,they were inspired by the French revolution. The successful revolts lead by general Toussaint L’Ouverture earned the slaves control over a third of St. Domingue. While the rebels maintained control of the place, they kept an alliance with France. Two years after Napoléon’s ambition came into power, he decides to send 30,000 soldiers to take St. Domingue back. Early in the continuing year, french forces dropped to less than 10,000 troops. Relations with Britain were dwindling fast, war was imminent, Napoléon’s decided to cut St. Domingue out of his plans. In 1803, the nation of Haiti gave Napoléon Bonaparte his first defeat. Part of Bonaparte’s plan

2. Natives worked on the plantations. Slaves from Africa were brought over to Brazil when the native workers died. Eighty-two percent of the population in Brazil trace their ancestry back to the days of slavery.

     The masters had the freedom to do what they pleased with slaves. There were very strong demands placed for slaves dependant of the city. They allowed loyal slaves to work in the Casa grand the house of the master. Brazil was considered a slave society, slaves out numbered free people. There were slave if pushed or

Isabel Gardener and her sister Ruth are slaves to a woman named Miss Mary Finch. After the death of Finch, Ms. Finch writes in her will that Isabel and her sister are free slaves, but can’t be proven due to the fact that the will is with the lawyer of Finch in Boston. Isabel was determined to find the lawyer and was anxious to be freed. Until Robert Finch, Nephew of Miss Mary Finch, sold Isabel and her sister to the Locktons and the dream of being free shattered to tiny bits. I would describe Isabel as a girl who has been betrayed and someone who wants to make things right but can’t due to the fact that she is a slave.

In contrast to the independence movements of Spanish Latin America, Brazilian independence came simply and peacefully. The Portuguese royal family took refuge in Brazil in 1807. This transformed Rio de Janiero into a court city. The prince regent Joao addressed complaints of the locals that were similar to those of the Spanish Creoles. He made Brazil a kingdom in 1815. Soon, Brazil was more prosperous than Portugal. In 1820, a revolution occurred in Portugal and its leaders demanded that Joao's return to Portugal and Brazil's return to colonial status. Joao, who became

The treaty of Versailles was a very important factor for the break out of war. The treaty took away land from Germany and gave it to Poland, France and Britain. This land included the colonies that Germany had in Africa that was given to France and Britain. It made Germany pay huge reparations that left them in a crisis, and Germany was already in a crisis due to the war which made the germans felt it would stop them from recovering. There were a lot of unemployment and whole families suffered from

The Treaty between Spain and Portugal was signed on September 4th in 1479 between the Catholic Monarchs of Castile and Aragon on one side and Afonso V and his son, Prince John of Portugal, on the other side. It put an end to the War of the Castilian Succession, which ended with a victory of the Catholic Monarchs on land and a Portuguese victory on the sea. The peace treaty was signed at Alcáçovas. The audience for the Treaty between Spain and Portugal was the people of higher power. In Spain the higher power that the treaty applied to was king and queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Sicily, Toledo, Valencia, Galicia, Majorca, Seville, Sardinia, Cordova, Corsica, Murcia, Jaen, the Algarves, Algeciras, and Gibraltar; count and countess of Barcelona; lord and lady of Biscay and Molina; duke and duchess of Athens and Neopatras; count and countess of Roussillon and Cerdagne; marquis and marchioness of Oristano and Gociano. The higher power in Portugal was the King and Queen of Portugal and the Algarves. The Treaty between Spain and Portugal was also for anyone in the council of both parties and the Catholic Monarchs. The overall argument for the treaty between Spain and Portugal was Joanna la Beltraneja, Queen of Portugal, and Alfonso V, King of Portugal, gave away their rights to the Castilian throne in favor to the Catholic Monarchs, who gave Joanna and Alfonso the throne of Portugal. Another agreement in the treaty was the sharing of the Atlantic territories between the two countries. The treaty also was made to manifest who gets what land. Portugal recognized Castile's rights over the Canary Islands but Portugal was able to win the navigating, conquering and trading in all the Atlantic Ocean south of the Canary Islands. To this day, The Treaty between Spain and Portugal can be seen as a landmark in the history of colonialism. It is one of the first international documents that shows how the European’s purpose was to separate the world and colonize the territories located within their areas, and that any indigenous peoples living there are not asked for their consent. This could be seen as a general accepted principle in the ideology and practice of European powers up to the 20th century decolonization. The treaty