Just Noticeable Gender Experiment

Six different subjects all between the age of 21-25 from all different physical levels performed four experiments. Each experiment consisted of two sessions a warm-up and lifting both a 10 lbs and 15 lbs dumbbell with a two-minute break between the two loads. The warm-ups were bicep stretches, which involve three different stretches and lasted for about 30 seconds each for a two-minute stretch, cardio, which included step up until max heart rate was

Thirteen healthy undergraduate students at the University of Brighton (8 males, 5 females; mean ± SD, age: 19.2 ± 1.5 years; body mass: 67.4 ± 16.1 kg; height: 177 ± 28.2m) were briefed with the study procedure. Their anthropometric data was collected, along with a medical questionnaire and their consent to participate in the study. All of the participants were familiar with the laboratory testing procedures.

For anterior and posterior movement, laxity was not different in both males and females. The anterior movement had slightly a bit more laxity, but posterior had the same laxity for both males and females. Internal and external rotation was much greater in females than in males. The biggest difference was in internal rotation. Valgus and varus forces showed that females had greater laxity. The valgus force was much greater than the varus force.

Flexibility can be defined as the capability of something to bend easily without breaking. The flexibility of a person is commonly measured during fitness tests, and the most frequently used test of a person’s flexibility is the sit-and-reach (Jackson and Baker, 1986). Though it is commonly accepted that the sit-and-reach produces an accurate and relative measure of a person’s flexibility, the validity of the test has been examined a number of times (Jackson and

Source: Corless, I. B., Nicholas, P. K., McGibbon, C. A., & Wilson, C, (2004). Weight change, body

Multiple studies focusing on joint measurement and the methods used signified that intra-rater reliability was accurate when compared to inter-rater reliability. Examiners used the same universal goniometers, along with other devices to measure joint position and ROM. Their finding lead them to the conclusion of measurements taken by the same person on the same individual were more accurate, than those compared to multiple examiners taking the same measurements on the same individual. However,

Many people are under the assumption that kinesiology was introduced to the world in the more recent years. They tend to date its beginnings to when it became the science and subject matter we have come to know today and was introduced in our school systems as a potential degree to major in. Through research and digging into the world’s history I have found the origins of kinesiology to date back as far as 384 B.C. In this paper I will be uncovering the roots of the science we are familiar with today and introduce you to the key players who contributed to the science and fundamentals that encompass this incredible area of study.

We hypothesized that asymmetry will exist in both a 2 mile and 4 mile run, and that the loading patterns will change as the subject fatigues. Each runner was asked to complete a 2 mile run and a 4 mile run at least one week apart. The loading data was recorded using Novel’s pedoped application on an iPod Touch throughout the run. After the completion of the run, the loading data was extracted using a custom Matlab script from 20 step intervals at three time points (25%, 50%, and 75% of the total run). In order to assess changes in symmetry, the limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated between limbs on subsequent steps at each time point. The impact peak LSI is the absolute value of the difference in impact peak between limbs divided by the mean impact peak multiplied by 100 percent. The average of the LSI for each time interval during each of the runs was calculated, and differences in side-to-side asymmetry were analyzed between genders and between runs. Thirty subjects will be recruited by the completion of the study. Currently, seven females and twelve males have been tested for the

Men and women ages 15 to 30 experience physiological differences and similarities of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems. There are many physiological differences between gender including height, weight, body composition, hormones, bone structure, and lung capacity. These changes play a role during exercise as the body systems undergoes specific adaptations to meet the demand of the active muscles. The differences and similarities discussed in the following paragraphs are significant when designing an exercise program.

In research by Weiss (2003) the effects of body size, age, sex, and cross sectional on muscle markers that are commonly used to construct past lifestyles and activity patterns. The research was conducted because

During quiet standing, the body postural ways normally occur in the sagittal (75%) and frontal (11%) planes around the ankle joint although a person tries to stand still (P. A. Federolf, 2016). These information support the idea that human body is modeled as an invert pendulum during the analysis of vertical postural control (Enoka, 1994; Latash, 2008). However, a little motion form other joints of the body also present because the human body has a number of joints or degree of freedom along its vertical axis to control its posture. For maintaining the body’s equilibrium in the field of gravity, the position of the body’s center of mass have to fall within the area of support. The muscular activity act to prevent the body losing its balance which represents as an autonomic postural control activity. Human body requires information from several sources such as visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems to detect and adapt its posture

When becoming acquainted with an individual for the first time, a decision on the person’s gender is made. Various physical features are sexually dimorphic in individuals. Males are depicted as more muscular, taller, heavier, greater distribution of hair while females tend to be smaller in muscle and have more curvature in their bodies. Bruce and Burton (1993) found that hair length and clothing are most common indications reported amongst adults and children. The issue with these ‘superficial’ cues is that they can easily be manipulated and changed with little effort. Hair length can be short or long on males and females as well as having similar clothing types. However with the absence of these cues presented to participants on photographs,

Monitoring posture and breaking bad habits that affect the integrity of your spinal health is difficult. Once formed, these habits can result in many spinal curvature disorders that can last a lifetime. For those with disorders such as scoliosis, there is a need to develop good spinal habits to alleviate the symptoms of their disorder. Although Physical Therapists and movement experts are a viable solution to teach proper body mechanics, patients often forget or have difficulty assessing their own habits effectively when they leave therapy.

Figure 2: Bar chart for mean change in body mass by the sex of the participant.

The Muscular Strength is the important thing in our lives as there is nothing we can without, though we do not have the same Muscular Strength according to certain factors. The aim of studying Muscular strength is to know what our bodies are capable of to lift, like in a working place so that must ensure that our strength require for the job without injuring our muscles. The aim of studying this study so that will know which sport require my muscular strength and the position that can acquire my strength, to know which clothes must wear without causing injuries to the muscles when joints contract. The reason of studying muscular strength is to know the reasons behind difference of muscular strength between males and females, why some females have more strength than males and knowing the factors that influence muscular strength in our bodies.