Justice And Retributive Justice

Many of the provisions of Hammurabi’s Code are concerned with the Law of Retaliation. In other words, an eye for an eye. For example, an architect builds a house for another man, which soon collapses on top of the owner of

Hammurabi’s Code shows that when Hammurabi ruled the Empire of Babylon justice was typically just doing what had been done to the victim to the wrong doer. Passages 196 and 197 are perfect examples of this. Passage 196 says if a man destroys another man’s eye,

The Hammurabi’s Codes can also be called as Code of Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi was consisted of 3,500 lines which created 282 laws that were given to the citizens of Babylon that were ruled under Hammurabi. When Code of Hammurabi was created, its purpose was to provide a justice system to the citizens. On the Hammurabi’s Code, there are different varieties of laws ranging from “family law to professional contracts and administrative law… outlining different standards of justice for the three classes of Babylonian society—the propertied class, freedmen, and slaves” (Hammurabi).On top of that, “Hammurabi’s codes provides some of the earliest examples of the doctrine of “An eye for an eye” (Hammurabi). The meaning of the phrase “An eye for an eye” was to point out to the citizens of Babylon that if you commit a crime, you get pay for what you crime you committed on the victim.

While The Little Book of Restorative Justice for Colleges and Universities has many merits it also posses some off-putting weaknesses. Karp opens his work up for criticism and makes it less likely to be accepted or seen as a serious alternative to the traditional disciplinary systems with the inclusion of frivolous illustrations and talks of the spiritual. The Little Book also lacks much evidence outside of personal testimony or the authors own reasoning —while that can be strong evidence, empirical evidence have a place in this discussion.

“An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth”, a famous phrase still used today and all throughout history that derives from another famous law code from ancient Mesopotamia written on a large 7 foot stone giving it a riveting look for all followers. The phrase “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” exemplifies the attribute of ancient time actions which is if you do wrong, wrong will be done to you and maybe more. If a man broke another’s bones than he as well should have his bones broken in return. The laws explained in the Code of Hammurabi are mostly the laws protecting land and property of an individual. The code of Hammurabi was written before the time of the bible which makes it the standing ground of most of the best works written.

     Hammurabi’s code was based on the saying ‘an eye for an eye’. This means that the retribution for the crime would roughly fit the severity of the crime. For example, if someone poked someone’s eye out, someone would poke that someone’s eye out. I think this is fair

Restorative justice is based on the principle that criminal behavior injures not only the victim but also the community and the offender, and any effort to resolve these problems caused by criminal behavior should involve all of these parties. Common restorative justice initiatives are victim-offender mediation, circle sentencing, community holistic healing programs, and family group conferences. A key to all these responses to criminal behavior is to address not only the offender, but all parties involved including the victim and their families, offender's family, community citizens, and even the police officers themselves.

The essence of the Hammurabi code of law is ‘an eye for an eye’. It is commonly known as the strictest and harshest code of law in history. Retaliatory justice, in which the response to a crime is a proportionate punishment inflicted without the purpose of rehabilitation, is the form of justice that is explained in the Code. It was written under the reign of Hammurabi who became the sixth king of the Amorite First Dynasty of Babylon after assuming the throne from his father. He attained almost all of ancient Mesopotamia on his conquest to expand his kingdom. Thus, he created a code of law to unify the provinces he attained, to maintain law and order and to prevent vendetta and blood feuds . He aimed to clearly describe the crime

During the reign of Hammurabi of Babylon (1795-1750 B.C.E), king Hammurabi enacted the code. This code consisted of 282 that set standards of conduct and harsh justice for his empire in ancient Mesopotamia. Hammurabi’s laws also provided evidence about the status and rights of women in Babylonian society. These laws demonstrated scaled punishments, the idea of “an eye for an eye” or “a tooth for a tooth” (lex talionis, the law of retaliation), depending on the social status of that person.

Crime and punishment has made some tremendous changes since the early modern time of the 1600s. A period where a wife, could be found guilty of being a scold, in other words, nagging her husband. Punishments for this crime consist of the wife being duck into the river or pond using a ducking stool that is said to still exist in Canterbury in Kent. The Scold’s Bridle was another form of punishment us for a nagging wife, she was made to wear this bridle as a form of embarrassment for her actions against her husband. In early modern times the homeless made people uncomfortable and scared because of the change in the land that cause them to move from their traditional rural livelihood and became known as vagabonds. If the homeless

The criminal justice system views any crime as a crime committed against the state and places much emphasis on retribution and paying back to the community, through time, fines or community work. Historically punishment has been a very public affair, which was once a key aspect of the punishment process, through the use of the stocks, dunking chair, pillory, and hangman’s noose, although in today’s society punishment has become a lot more private (Newburn, 2007). However it has been argued that although the debt against the state has been paid, the victim of the crime has been left with no legal input to seek adequate retribution from the offender, leaving the victim perhaps feeling unsatisfied with the criminal justice process.

Restorative justice has some key restorative values that are vital in the restorative justice conference to make the experience ‘restorative’. Concerning addressing victim needs and concerns means for listening, respecting, being non-judgmental, not blaming the victim and apologizing. The RJ system was bought as an alternative to the criminal justice system to give greater emphasis on victim rights and needs, offender accountability and community involvement. Throughout the essay, there will be an insight into how Restorative Justice addresses needs of victims in terms of the different proponents such as Information provided to victim, restitution/compensation, emotional and practical needs met, participation and involvement of victim and protection of victim, which (Wemmers and Marisa, 2002) as essentials to victims participating in the practice. The two countries that will be addressed will have had restorative justice built out of injustices and over-representation of the current criminal justice system to the indigenous peoples of those countries.

In The Republic, the great philosopher Plato attempts to reveal through the character and dialogues of Socrates that justice is better when it is the good for which men must strive for, regardless of whether they could be unjust and still be rewarded. His method is to use dialectic, the asking and answering of questions. This method leads the audience from one point to another, supposedly with indisputable logic by obtaining agreement to each point before going on to the next, therefore, building an argument.

Retributive justice means an eye for an eye. Meaning your punishment will equal to the harm you’ve done. If one goes out and kill, they may receive life in prison. Depending on the situation they could also receive the death penalty. The justice feels that one should pay of its actions which I am in agreement. If a

Over the decades, the concept of justice has been continually evolving. This is occurring based upon different moral or legal interpretations. Evidence of this can be seen with observations from Burke (2011) who said, "Few things are of more importance to a society than its concept of justice. This is because it is justice that provides criterion for the legitimate use of force. In the name of justice people are detained, arrested, handcuffed, put on trial and punished. This concept is used to provide every society with some kind of social order. Over the last 200 years, a revolution has taken place with these principles. Our idea of it is what we employ, when dealing with ordinary individuals in daily life including: making agreements, paying bills, resolving disputes and putting criminals in jail. This is a concept that is as old as recorded history and it is familiar to people everywhere. What makes it so unique is that these ideas are constantly changing which focuses on society as a whole and how people are interacting with each other. " (Burke)