Justice System: Powerful Deterrent Programs

In the United States there are four main goals when it comes to punishment which are retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation (DeJong, 2016, p. 288). The main goals for these punishments are to maintain order over society and to prevent recidivism (DeJong, 2016, p. 288). This ties into the Ecology perspective. By maintaining order over society and preventing recidivism, it ties into all of the issues regarding the Ecology perspective which requires for each issue to address the individual, family, community and society. Maintaining order over society and preventing recidivism strives toward making a safer environment for the individual, family, community and society. There is no universal agreement for making the severity of punishment just or fair (DeJong, 2016, p. 288). When it comes to retribution the person who is getting punished deserves the punishment (DeJong, 2016, p. 289). Retribution refers to when an individual commits a certain crime then that person must receive a punishment proportionate to that crime or suffering that they may have caused towards the victim (DeJong, 2016, p. 289). Regarding deterrence there are two types, general deterrence and specific deterrence (DeJong, 2016, p. 289). General deterrence focuses on the society in general and wants to scare everyone away from committing crimes (DeJong, 2016, p. 289). Specific deterrence focuses on criminals that have already been convicted and wants to prevent them from

Although, there is no evidence that suggests mandatory sentencing is effective at decreasing crime rate but ample evidence of its long-term felonious results. The US and other jurisdictions are an example of the ineffective results of this regime, choosing to decrease the use mandatory sentencing regimes because they don’t work.

This essay explains sentencing in the United States Criminal Justice system. The objectives of punishment in the United States corrections is to help deter crime and to ensure reoffenders don’t reoffend. Sentencing impacts the corrections system and society in a positive manor by eliminating offenders out of the community. Sentencing may include one of the following: probation, fines, prison, community service, probation and so forth depending on the state you reside and the type of offense you commit. Each crime committed doesn’t have a set sentence, therefore they are determined on a case to case basis. The main goal of the criminal justice system is to defend the community and serve justice. Sentencing plays a vital role in the Criminal Justice system.

The regulatory measures target the emissions from industries as well as the products resulting from certain industries. The agency establishes certain regulations that seek to standardize the emissions in terms of quantity and if companies are found

In my opinion we have to have environmental regulations to sustain the environment we have today. Many people claim that these regulations restrict business which I think is true and so does Melanie J. Martin in one of her articles she states “Businesses may see certain environmental laws in a negative light if they must adapt their practices and increase spending to comply with regulations.” And if a company is struggling to make it by as it is I don’t think they will survive after paying out of pocket to comply with new regulations. The laws we have in place today in Texas I think get the job done and their not to extreme.

In December 2013, President Barack Obama commuted the sentences of eight federal inmates who were convicted of nonviolent crack cocaine offenses, six of whom were serving life sentences (Miles 2014). The surge in the prison population of the United States of America can be attributed to changes in sentencing and policies that created stricter laws and harsher punishments for offenders. For the last half-century, America’s attempts to get tough on crime and wage a war on drugs have landed the U.S. the highest spot on the worldwide charts in regards to prison population; only in recent years has the rate of incarceration changed course, tracking a slow, steady downward trail. Incarceration is supposed to be punishment as rehabilitation, yet it has become the primary response to crime. It is simply punishment, greatly lacking in any true form of rehabilitation

Mandatory sentencing involves the implementation of legislation to remove an element of judicial discretion by imposing minimum or mandatory sentences for a particular offence or type of offender. From the perspective of society, mandatory sentencing may be said to promote the rule of law in ensuring that laws are predictable and applied equally across all individuals by aiming to match the punishment to the crime, as well as reduce crime and recidivism. Depending on the outlook taken, mandatory sentencing may be said to promote the individual’s right to a fair trial as it encourages consistency but by the same token a conflict arises in that it strips the judiciary of the power to tailor sentences to the unique circumstances of each case.

The four goals of punishment are retribution, incapacitation, deterrence and rehabilitation. Retribution is a punishment that when a person gets a punishment for something that they have done and to get back at them. An example for a retribution would when someone gets a death penalty for commenting a murder. Incapacitation is when a person is trying to prevent a person who already had a sentenced felony from committing any other future offenses. For example, say a person has robbed a bank multiple times and he is trying to commit it again but the authorities are preventing him doing that because they don’t want him to be sentenced a longer than what he is already sentenced for. Deterrence is a punishment for any criminal activity that is involved

According to the journal article, the concept of deterrence is simple; it is the omission of a criminal act because of the fear of sanctions or punishments. Deterrence is an important foundation of the criminal justice system. Law enforcement is there to apprehend those that break the law, and to convince the public that there is a risk of apprehension and punishment if they commit a crime. Laws provide a host of different sanctions for the commission of offenses such as: fines, probation, imprisonment, mandatory minimum sentences, the “three strikes” law, and others are all enacted with the expatiation that sanction threats can deter crime is at the heart of the criminal Justice system. According to the journal article, there is an abundance of research about specific police, judicial, and correctional policies, as well as a more general theoretical work about deterrence mechanism, with the evidence to date, it is still flimsy.

To begin with, Deterrence is the belief that society can reduce crime by making punishment tougher than the benefits gained from criminal acts. To “deter means to prevent” a person of an act by the threat, warning, or as in imprisonment (Merriam-Webster, 2015). The death penalty serves as a powerful deterrent to people who may choose to commit major crimes. The issue with the Death penalty is the lack of ability of the justice system in carrying out the penalty immediately. The long appeal process compromises the deterrence reason of capital punishment. Some criminals are truly above the law, in that their influence can reach the outside world even if they are behind bars. For an example, recently in New York “two criminals used their outside

from society, Deterrence is the prevention of future crimes with the idea of putting the fear of

Deterrence has been the backbone of the United States justice system for a long time now, yet does deterrence truly work? When people plan, or commit violent crimes are they considering the immediate consequences of their actions? Offenders do not typically weigh the penalties they may receive after committing a serious crime. Keeping this in mind, increasing the severe ness of punishment, ultimately, will neither decrease or increase the amount of crimes committed in the United States. Death penalty does play a larger role in the deterrence of criminal acts. The death penalty has been a hot topic regarding whether it should be a legal punishment or not. Many arguments arise from this topic including: is it moral of the state to take a life? Or what act of crime is deserving of the death penalty? And how much of a role does religion play into the decision of the death penalty? Deterrence plays a major role in the discussion of death penalty. No one wishes death upon themselves nor would be satisfied with death by the justice system. The death penalty ultimately does deter major crimes in the sense that a

The goal of prevention is desistance. Desistance is when a person reaches a permanent state of not offending (Hess, Orthman, & Wright, 2013, p.371). There are three kinds of preventions, corrective which focuses on eliminating things that lead to or cause criminal behavior, punitive relies on the threat of punishment to prevent criminal acts, and mechanical which “target hardening” making it difficult or impossible to commit particular offenses. There are three main points of deterrence, general, specific, and focused. Deterrence policing involves agencies partnering with organizations outside of the police. Deterrence is an effort aimed, indiscriminately. At the population level. It does not target individuals who may be crime-prone Saunders

Laws serve several purposes in the criminal justice system. The main purpose of criminal law is to protect, serve, and limit human actions and to help guide human conduct. Also, laws provide penalties and punishment against those who are guilty of committing crimes against property or persons. In the modern world, there are three choices in dealing with criminals’ namely criminal punishment, private action and executive control. Although both private action and executive control are advantageous in terms of costs and speed, they present big dangers that discourage their use unless in exceptional situations. The second purpose of criminal law is to punish the offender. Punishing the offender is the most important purpose of criminal law

In the United States, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was enacted on January 1, 1970 and Environmental Protection Agency began operation December 2, 1970. In many developed countries, since 1960s growing awareness about the side-effects of unrestricted development and industrialisation had pressured policy makers to establish environmental policies and agencies. During that period, the policies were designed to focus on prompt and remedial action plans rather than prevention tools. As a result, “Command and Control” (CAC) approach became the dominant tool which is comprised of setting environmental standards (command) and penalising non-complied actions (control).