Justinian Legal System

Emperor Justinian did so well earlier in time that current governments advert to his regulations as counselor for their own laws. For example, innocent until proven guilty; we use this in the United States as well as many other countries. Justinian used the 12 Tables of Roman law as the foundation of law in the law in the Byzantine Empire because they developed ideas of justice. This justice spoke for the people and helped them in their time of need. These laws gave fairness throughout the

Justinian repaired the legal system and called it Justinian code. Like old Roman Empire women, slaves, and lower class-men had now say with the legal system. Only upper class males could assist in reviving the law's. Justinian and ten men set laws for their people to live honesty and not harm others (Document 7 and 9). This helped unify the Eastern and Western. territories (Document 1).

During rule of Emperor Justinian of the Eastern Roman Empire, a cycle of recurring plagues started in the year 541 A.D. This plague cycle would disappear and reappear in roughly eleven year cycles. The last strike of this plague cycle was in 747 in Naples. This series of plagues were called the Justinian plague named after Emperor Justinian’s rule and it is also referred to as the early medieval pandemic (EMP). The severity of this plague was high being that Procopius of Caesarea, a Urban Prefect of Constantinople stated that the plague “fell upon the whole world, yet just as many people escaped as had the misfortune to succumb- either because they escaped the infection altogether, or because they got over it if they happened to be

The Law Code of Hammurabi was created by the ruler of Babylon, King Hammurabi, around the 18th century BCE (Law Code of Hammurabi, 30). It was written in the cuneiform script of the Akkadian language, which was the universal language of diplomacy at the time (Lecture 2 & 5). The efficiency of cuneiform and the growing use of the international Akkadian language led to the rapid spread of literacy which subsequently led to heightened government regulation (Lecture 5). The law code emerged in the midst of the growing importance of codified laws to maintain structure and regulate order in society. It disclosed the manifold inequalities functioning in Babylonian society at the time. However,

Byzantine Emperor Justinian was the bold architect of a revitalized Byzantine Empire that would leave a lasting legacy for Western Civilization. As much of Europe entered the Dark Ages, Justinian 's vision of a restored Roman Empire would reverse the decline of the Byzantine Empire and lay a firm foundation that would allow the Byzantine Empire to survive for centuries to come.

Justinian was a powerful emperor, who reconquered previously owned Roman land. During his time of reign, he helped the Byzantine Empire reach its peak in culture and propeserity. Although some see him as deceptive, as it says in document two“ Justinian was crafty, hypocritical, secretive by temperament, and two faced”. Others say he was “similar to God, who rules all” which is said in document three. He left behind what is still remember today. Achievements and accomplishment of Justinian are what is recalled of him. Justinian revived the Roman Empire into the Byzantine Empire by preservation of Greco- Roman culture, his legacy was enriching the Roman Empire into the Byzantine Empire , glorifying God, and enhancing trade and laws throughout the Byzantine Empire.

The ability to be ruled over a constitution gave the citizens guidelines and principles of penalties and un-approved actions one might occur to. The constitution balanced the separation of powers and scheduled elections. All of Roman laws were to be written in the 12 tables. The 12 tables was a constitution concerning laws for the people. Some categories of laws were Concerning judgement and thefts, concerning property which is lent, concerning the laws or real property, concerning public law , concerning religious law and ect. ( ssun.edu) The use of these laws provided a fair nation considering the faults of others and their penalties to society. The 12 tables was was developed in the early days of the Roman republic and the system lasted approximately 1000 years. Some laws concerning the nation were “putting to death …. of any man who has not been convicted, who ever he might be, is forbidden”. Also there were 8 types of punishments which were fines, fetters, flogging, retaliation in kind, civil disagreement, banishment, slavery and even death for any disobeyed laws in the constitution. The evidence proved that the republic of Rome had a constitution as a ruler for the citizens and because of it there was laws for them making it a safer city rather than having chaos without the punishments being recruited.

Justinian was an Emperor of the Byzantine Empire. He became Emperor in 527 over his uncle when he was a high-ranking nobleman. Justinian had sent his best general, Belarius, in 533 to recover North Africa the invading Germanic tribes where he had quickly succeeded. His army won nearly all of Italy and parts of Spain. He could call himself a Ceaser. An Emperor who rules with absolute power. Justinian had set up a panel of legal experts to regulate their increasingly complex society. This panel created a uniform code that is known as the Justinian Code. It served the Byzantine Empire for 900 years. His greatest passion was for church building, but he had launched the most ambitious public building program seen in the Roman World. Justinian had

A Roman commission in the 451-229 B.C. time period created legislation establishing law and order for society to follow. Twelve tables were created as a code of ethics outlining rights and legal procedures. Rome at the time was a society deeply divided between the classes and these tables came about to equalize rights between aristocratic patricians and common plebeians.

As the traditional age attracted to a nearby, a significant number of the past Roman laws were rendered out of date by changing states of the realm. Confounding and conflicting laws impeded the working of courts. Additionally, Roman common law regularly at odds with the eastern realm 's received religion of Christianity.[5] in light of this circumstance, Justinian charged the development of a few groups of law which are on the whole alluded to as the Code of Justinian.

The laws were carefully inscribed into a very large, basalt pillar reaching over seven feet tall when standing. At the top of the stone block, there lies a statue depicting King Hammurabi receiving a gift from a sun god (Kerrigan, M. 2011), followed by the code itself beginning with the phrase, “Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince…” and continuing on to describe how Hammurabi was chosen to rule over his people by the gods themselves (ushistory.org 2016). A large majority of the laws covered the concepts of property ownerships, but they also take up other important aspects including false accusations, liability in accidents, injury, marriages, and just general treatment of people in the society. A new issue was also brought up in the laws which gave a women the ability to divorce her husband if she would so choose to, which was never allowed in any prior civilization or city (Fairservis, Jr., W. A.

The laws in different regions of the empire are listed differently. Justinian set up people to rewrite the legal code and for it to be easily indicated, each law was listed by subject and consisted of four parts. According to outside source, Justinian created a three imperial law schools and assigned a commission to restructure the legal code. People from different regions are difference in many things which can caused disagreement between each other. Procopius described that Justinian preserved the legal code to control the discrepancies with the greater firmness (according to document 1).

The Byzantine Empire, though often forgotten among better-known empires, such as the Roman Empire, ran for nearly one thousand years, occupying the eastern half of what once was the Roman Empire. It engaged in trade, expansion, and decades of warfare. It also gave women a better status then men, valued and preserved Greek history, and eventually fell to the Ottomans.

The Twelve Tables and Valerio-Horatian Laws were passed in 449 BC in Rome by the plebs in the tribune assembly and the patricians in the senate, respectively. The Twelve Tables originally sprouted from the Lex Terentilia, which was an attempt from the plebs to define and limit consular power of the patricians. However, since the patricians avoided it and the plebs were divided on the issue, the law was changed. Patricians edited the law to form the Decemvirate, a group of ten that had consular power to write laws. This group created the Twelve Tables, laws important to the Republic, like defining property rights, but more importantly sanctified patrician power.

With the new State positivado in the jusnaturalismo of the enciclopedistas, from the French revolution of 1789, the "certainty" took account of the legal scene of the time. With the sprouting of the "school of exegese" (narrowly connected with the dogma of the completude), it was transferred to understand that the "Code" did not have gaps, therefore the judge fit the function to base its decisions on the analogy and the orienting general principles of the code. The law started to be the only unalterable e source of the Right, fitting to the judge, the sight of the problem, to find the norm in the "Code", renegando it tradition of the Common law of the "Ancien Regimen" that placed as formal sources of the Right, to the side of the law, the customs, the sentences and, with has detached, the doctrine, the side of the tradition and the principles of the Natural law. This school - of the Exegese - all dominated legal the thought French of century XIX, truily idolatrando the law. However, in the elaboration of the "Code Cívil", Cambacérès (author of the first project) said that the code could not foresee all the cases. This task would fit to the legislator who, observing the case concrete, would elaborate the pertinent law. Referé was the call "legislatif." The article 4º of the French Civil Code, Napoleonic